CARBOHYDRATES

Question 1

what are carbohydrates used for

Answer 1

cellular respiration

Question 2

What do carbohydrates consist of

Answer 2

.carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

Question 3

what type of monomers form carbohydrates

Answer 3

monosaccharides

Question 4

name 3 common monosaccharides

Answer 4

glucose
fructose
galactose

Question 5

how is a carbohydrate formed

Answer 5

it is formed from two monosaccharides by a condensation reaction

Question 6

what bond is formed when two monosaccharides are joined together in a condensation reaction

Answer 6

glycosidic bond

Question 7

what is a disaccharide

Answer 7

it is a polymer that is made up of two monosaccharides

Question 8

what monosaccharides is maltose made from

Answer 8

glucose + glucose

Question 9

what monosaccharides is sucrose made from

Answer 9

fructose + glucose

Question 10

what monosaccharides is lactose made from

Answer 10

galactose + glucose

Question 11

where is the OH group found in an alpha glucose

Answer 11

it is found below the c1 in a glucose molecule

Question 12

where is the OH group found in the beta glucose

Answer 12

it is found above the c1 in the glucose molecule

Question 13

what is a polysaccharide

Answer 13

it is a chain made up of more than two monosaccharides

Question 14

what polysaccharides are formed from alpha glucose

Answer 14

• glycogen

- starch

Question 15

what polysaccharide is formed from beta glucose

Answer 15

cellulose

Question 16

what is the structure of glycogen

Answer 16

• it is highly branched

- alpha glucose made from c1-c4 and c1-c6

Question 17

what is the function of glycogen

Answer 17

it is an energy store in animal cells

Question 18

what is the function in relation to its structure in glycogen

Answer 18

• it is highly branched so that it can be rapidly HYDROLYSED to RELEASE glucose for respiring cells
• it is a large polymer meaning it cannot leave the cell
• it is insoluble meaning that it wont affect the water potential in cells.

Question 19

what is the structure of starch and what does it consist of

Answer 19

it is an alpha glucose 
it consists of 
amylose:
- not branched
- only c1-c4

amylopectin:

• branched
• c1-c4 and c1-c6 glycosidic bond

Question 20

what is the function of starch

Answer 20

it is an energy store for plant cells

Question 21

what is the function in relation to its structure in starch

Answer 21

• it is helical- so it can be compact in a cell so it can have a lot of space left in a cell
• it is large so it cannot leave the cell
• it is insoluble so it can not affect water potential in plant cells.

Question 22

what is the function of cellulose

Answer 22

it provides strength and STRUCTURE to a plant cell wall

Question 23

what is the function in relation to its structure in cellulose

Answer 23

• it has strong hydrogen bond

- the hydrogen bonds have linked to cross links which create micro fibres

Question 24

what test is used to test for reducing sugars

Answer 24

benedict’s test

Question 25

in points explain the method of the reducing sugar test

Answer 25

• place solution into test tube
• place benedict’s test into test tube
• heat in hot water bath
• if reducing sugar is present green/yellow/orange/.red precipitate will form

Question 26

what are the positive results for a test for reducing sugars

Answer 26

green/yellow/orange/red

Question 27

what test is used to test for non reducing sugars

Answer 27

hydrochloric acid
sodium bicarbonate
benedict’s test

Question 28

in points describe the method for non reducing sugars

Answer 28

• add HCL to solution
• heat it in hot water bath
• add sodium bicarbonate
• add benedict’s solution
  heat again

Question 29

what is the positive results for non reducing sugars

Answer 29

green/yellow/orange/red precipitate