Carbohydrate structure and function Flashcards

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1
Q

Carbohdyrates are named by their _____ oxidized group

A

Most

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2
Q

Carbohydrates with aldehydes are called ______

A

Aldoses

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3
Q

Carbohydrates with ketones are called ____

A

Ketoses

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4
Q

The sugars made by the body are all ____ sugars, which means the last OH group faces to the ______

A

D

Right

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5
Q

When sugars cyclize, they become ____ acetals or ketals because ____

A

Hemi

The anomeric carbon is between an OR and OH group. For a full acetal or metal to form, the anomeric carbon would have to be between two OR groups

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6
Q

The anomeric carbon is alpha when the OH group is on the _____ side of the CH2OH

A

Opposite

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7
Q

The anomeric carbon is beta when the OH group is on the _____ side of the CH2OH

A

Same

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8
Q

Tautomerization is the _____

A

Rearrangement of bonds within a compound (usually by forming double bonds)

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9
Q

Compare and contrast cellulose and starches

A

Both are made in plants and have 1,4 bonds

Cellulose is made up of beta-D-glucose monomers that only have Beta–1,4 bonds

Starches are made up of alpha-D-glucose monomers that have Alpha–1,4 bonds, but they are also branched with 1,6 bonds
-Stored mostly as amylopectin

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10
Q

Aldonic acids are aldoses that have already been oxidized. This odixation occurs when ____

A

The monosaccharide undergoes mutarotation and is briefly linear. The aldehyde turns to a carboxylic acid, and then the ring can form again

(If something ends in -ic acid, the CH2OH carbon has turned into a COOH carbon (a carboxylic acid))

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11
Q

Alpha amylose cleaves amylose _____ while Beta amylose cleaves only at ______

A

Anywhere

The non-reducing end

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12
Q

What is a carbohydrate?

A

Carbohydrates are formed from cyclized saccharides, like glucose or fructose. They can be monomers or link to many other saccharides, and are sources of glucose in the body that are then used for energy

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13
Q

When moving from a Fischer projection to a ring structure, groups on the right face ____ while groups on the left face ____

A

Right –> down
Left –> up

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