Carbohydrate Metabolism

Question 1

hydrolysis of α-glycosidic linkages in starch
and glycogen to produce smaller polysaccharides and
disaccharide –maltose

Answer 1

Salivary amylases

Question 2

convert disaccharides to
monosaccharides

Answer 2

Disaccharidase enzymes

Question 3

Converts maltose to glucose

Answer 3

Maltase

Question 4

Converts sucrose to glucose and fructose

Answer 4

Sucrase

Question 5

Converts lactose to glucose and galactose

Answer 5

Lactase

Question 6

dissolves in water but not hydrolyzed in the small
intestine

Answer 6

SOLUBLE FIBER

Question 7

insoluble in water; limited fermentation

Answer 7

INSOLUBLE FIBER

Question 8

One molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of_____ via glycolysis

Answer 8

Pyruvate

Question 9

What step is glucose 6 phosphate forms

Answer 9

Step 2

Question 10

What step does fructose 6-phosphate forms

Answer 10

Step 3

Question 11

What step does fructose 1,6 biphosphate form

Answer 11

Step 4

Question 12

What step does Glyceraldehyde 6 phosphate form

Answer 12

Step 5

Question 13

What step does 1,3 biphosphoglycerate forms

Answer 13

Step 6

Question 14

what step does 3-phosphoglycerate takes place

Answer 14

Step 7

Question 15

what step does 2 phosphoglycerate forms

Answer 15

Step 8

Question 16

What step does phosphoenolpyruvate takes place

Answer 16

Step 9

Question 17

What step does pyruvate forms

Answer 17

Step 10

Question 18

Enzymatic anaerobic reduction of pyruvate to lactate occurs mainly in muscles. While reduction to lactate allows glycolysis to continue, it increases the concentration of lactate
and H+ in muscle tissue

Answer 18

Lactate fermentation

Question 19

This is the enzymatic anaerobic conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and
carbon dioxide. Simple organisms regenerate NAD+ through ethanol
fermentation reaction. Ethanol fermentation, involving yeast, causes bread and related products to rise as a result of CO2 bubbles being released
during baking. Beer, wine, and other alcoholic drinks are produced by
ethanol fermentation of the sugars in grain and fruit products.

Answer 19

Ethanol fermentation

Question 20

Metabolic pathway by which glucose is synthesized from
noncarbohydrate materials

Answer 20

Gluconeogenesis

Question 21

Once the blood glucose levels are low, it will utilize the stored glycogen
to replenish it. Locally produced glucose 6-phosphate directly enters
the glycolysis pathway.

Answer 21

Glycogenolysis

Question 22

What are the two steps in glycogenolysis

Answer 22

Phosphorylation of a glucose unit
Glucose 1-phosphate isomerization

Question 23

Gluconeogenesis uses lactate as a source of pyruvate

Answer 23

Cori cycle

Question 24

Two stages of pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 24

Oxidative stage
Non-oxidative stage

Question 25

Involves three steps through which glucose 6- phosphate is converted to ribulose 5- phosphate and CO2

Answer 25

Oxidative stage

Question 26

In the first step, ribulose 5-phosphate (a ketose) is isomerized to ribose 5-phosphate (an aldose)

Answer 26

Non oxidative stage