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Organic Chemistry 233 > Carbohydrate Chemistry > Flashcards

Carbohydrate Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Simple sugar. Contains multiple chiral centres.

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2
Q

What suffix indicates carbohydrates?

A

“ose”

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3
Q

How do we classify monosaccharides?

A

Aldoses: contain aldehyde group
Ketoses: contain ketone group

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4
Q

How are aldoses and ketoses classified?

A

By the number of carbons they contain. Insert (tri, tetr, pent, hex, hept) immediately before the suffix “ose”
i.e., Aldopentose, Ketohexose

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5
Q

Importance of carbohydrates?

A

Energy storage and production: glycogen.
Functional & Recognition: glyolispids, glycoproteins on cell surfaces (blood group determinants, protein-protein binding, protein-nucleic acid interactions etc)
Structural: Chitin, Cellulose, Hyaluronic acid (in connective and nervous tissue)

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6
Q

Structural role of carbohydrates?

A

Hyaluronic acid, cellulose, chitin

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7
Q

(Major Aldoses) What is the major Aldotriose?

A

GLYCERALDEHYDE

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8
Q

(Major Aldoses) What are the two major Aldotetroses?

A
  1. ERYTHROSE

2. THREOSE

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9
Q

(Major Aldoses) What are the two major Aldopentoses coming from Erythrose?

A
  1. RIBOSE

2. ARABINOSE

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10
Q

(Major Aldoses) What are the two major Aldopentoses coming from Threose?

A
  1. XYLOSE

2. LYXOSE

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11
Q

(Major Aldoses) What are the two major Aldohexoses coming from Ribose?

A
  1. ALLOSE

2. ALTROSE

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12
Q

(Major Aldoses) What are the two major Aldohexoses coming from Arabinose?

A
  1. GLUCOSE

2. MANNOSE

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13
Q

(Major Aldoses) What are the two major Aldohexoses coming from Xylose?

A
  1. GULOSE

2. IDOSE

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14
Q

(Major Aldoses) What are the two major Aldohexoses coming from Lyxose?

A
  1. GALACTOSE

2. TALOSE

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15
Q

D-Glyceraldehyde

A

The formal progenitor of all monosaccharides

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16
Q

Alpha-Anomer refers to trans or cis configuration?

A

Trans configuration

17
Q

Beta-Anomer refers to trans or cis configuration?

A

Cis configuration

18
Q

What are Acetals of Saccharides: Glycosides?

A

A cyclic structure with acetal group formed from a simple sugar by replacement of a hydroxy group

Organic Chemistry 233 (4 decks)

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