Carbapenem Resitant Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards
1
Q
Targets of Antibiotics
A
- cell wall synthesis
- nucleic acid synthesis
- protein synthesis
2
Q
Main classes of B lactams
A
- penicillins
- cephalosporins
- carbapenems
- monobactams
3
Q
2 naturally occuring penicillins
A
G and V
4
Q
Structures in cephalosporins
A
- B lactam ring
- dihydrothiazine ring
5
Q
For whom are cephalosporins particularly useful?
A
People who are allergic to penicillin
6
Q
Generations of Cephalosporins
A
1 - Cefazolin 2 - Cefoxitin 3 - Ceftriaxone 4 - Cefepime 5 - Cephamycin
7
Q
Components of augmentin
A
Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid
8
Q
3 main clinical carbapenems
A
- Imipenem
- Meropenem
- Ertapenem
9
Q
For whom what organisms should carbapenems be used?
A
- gram neg including ESBL producers
- gram pos cocci including MSSA
- anaerobes
10
Q
Indications for carbapenems
A
- intra-abdo sepsis
- pneumonia
- meningitis
- UTI
- skin/soft tissue infections
11
Q
For what type of organisms is monobactams for?
A
- aerobic Gram neg (Neisseria, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas)
12
Q
Last resort drugs
A
- Colistin
- Tigecycline
13
Q
Mechanism of action of carbapenems
A
- B-lactams inhibit cell wall cross-linking by irreversibly binding to PBPs
- destablizes the cell wall leading to lysis
14
Q
Resistance mechanisms
A
- decreased permeabiltiy of cell
- enzyme inactivation
- alteration of target site
- active transport out of cell
15
Q
Action of B-lactamases
A
- hydrolyse B-lactam ring
- no longer recognized by PBPs
