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Y5 Paeds > Capsule - Mixed > Flashcards

Capsule - Mixed Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in a baby septic screen?

A

Bloods, LP, urine dipstick

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2
Q

What bacteria level is a UTI confirmed?

A

> 10^5 colony of urine

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3
Q

What is the most common UTI bacteria?

A

E. coli

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4
Q

When is a DMSA scan required in children with UTI?

A

Klebsiella UTI <6 months old - atypical UTI

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5
Q

Ix for UTI in under 6 months old

A

USS urinary tract

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6
Q

Ix for atypical UTI

A

USS urinary tract acutely
DMSA scan after 4-6 months if under 3
MCUG if under 6 months old

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7
Q

Features of atypical UTI

A

Seriously I’ll
Septic
Poor urine flow
Abdo or bladder mass
Raised serum creatinine
Non E. coli

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8
Q

Ix recurrent UTI

A

USS urinary tract
DMSA 4 to 6 months later
MCUG if under 6 months

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9
Q

What is vesicouretic reflux?

A

Incompetent valve at vesicouretic junction allowing reflux of infected urine to kidneys

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10
Q

How common is vesicouretic reflux?

A

30%

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11
Q

Complication of vesicouretic reflux

A

Pyelonephritis and renal scaring

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12
Q

How do you confirm vesicouretic reflux?

A

Micturating cystourethrogram following uti

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13
Q

Mx of vesicouretic reflux

A

Long term abx and surveillance

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14
Q

Age peak of pyloric stenosis

A

4-6 weeks

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15
Q

What is pyloric stenosis

A

Hypertrophy of pylorus

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16
Q

Sx of pyloric stenosis

A

Projectile vomiting during or just after feeding
Hungry immediately after vomiting
Constipation

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17
Q

Sex preference in pyloric stenosis

A

Male 7:1

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18
Q

Physical examination findings of pyloric stenosis

A

USS prior to Sx
Weight loss, dehydration
Visible peristalsis of stomach
Olive sized tumour in RUQ

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19
Q

What blood features are found in pyloric stenosis

A

Hypocholoraemic alkalosis with low K and Na

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20
Q

Mx of pyloric stenosis

A

Rehydration
Surgical correction

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21
Q

What surgery is done in pyloric stenosis s

A

Ramstedt procedure - slice through pyloric muscle

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22
Q

What is the most important thing to remember in testicular torsion Mx?

A

The other testicle has an increased risk of torsion

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23
Q

Ix for testicular torsion?

A

NONE - do it clinically as quick as possible
Can have USS but do not wait for this

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24
Q

Causes of undescended testes?

A

Incompetent descent of testes
Hypopituartism

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25
Q

Sx of cryptorchodism?

A

No Sx
Impalpable testes or high in scrotum / inguinal region

26
Q

Risks of cryptorchidism?

A

Malignancy and infertility

27
Q

Mx of cryptorchidism?

A

Orchidoplexy

28
Q

Age peak intussusception ?

A

3 months to 2 years

29
Q

Most common type of intussusception

A

Ileo-caecal

30
Q

Sx of intussusception

A

Episodic screaming but comfort between attacks
20% apathetic or encephalopathy
Passage of red current jelly stool

31
Q

Physical examination of intussusception

A

Pallor
Sausage shaped mass on R abdo
Blood on PR

32
Q

Ix of intussusception and findings

A

AXR - dilated small bowel loops
USS - invaginated bowel

33
Q

Mx of intussusception

A

Reduction by air or contract enema
Surgery

34
Q

When do you find the red current jelly stool in intussusception

A

LATE in the course

35
Q

Ddx of intussusception

A

Any acute painful illness eg otitis media or appendicitis

36
Q

Features of haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

A

Renal failure / nephropathy
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
Thrombocytopenia

37
Q

What causes HUS

A

E. coli 01571 H7 - from petting zoo

38
Q

Sx of HUS

A

Abdo pain jaundice bloody diarrhoea Anuria oedema

39
Q

Ix of HUS

A

FBC clotting renal func stool culture BP fluid balance and daily weights

40
Q

Complications of HUS

A

Encephalopathy and pancreatitis

41
Q

Tx of HUS

A

Dialysis fluid management red cell transfusion antihypertensives

42
Q

Prognosis of HUS

A

5% death and 25% long term sequaelae

43
Q

Features of measles

A

Cough, Coryzz, rash, fever, koplik spots in mouth, conjunctivitis

44
Q

Incubation of measles

A

10-14 days

45
Q

Measles complications

A

Otitis media, subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis , pneumonia and encephalitis

46
Q

Molluscum features?

A

Red bumps with central punctum

47
Q

Age peak for febrile seizures?

A

6 months to 6 years

48
Q

How long are febrile seizures?

A

Few minutes

49
Q

3 bacteria that cause otitis media

A

Streptococcus
Haemophilus influenza
M. catarrhalis

50
Q

Worrying features of febrile seizures

A

Unilateral symptoms
Long lasting seizure
Raised ICP red flags

51
Q

Worrying features of headache suggesting serious intracranial pathology

A

Deterioration of handwriting
New squint
Ataxia
Waking in night with pain
Early morning vomiting with headache

52
Q

How is BR produced?

A

Breakdown of RBCs

53
Q

How does unconjugated BR circulate?

A

With albumin

54
Q

Where is BR conjugated?

55
Q

What does BR cause in body?

A

Brown poo and yellow wee

56
Q

Is conjugated hyperBR pathological or not?

A

ALWAYS pathological

57
Q

Is <24hr old with hyperBR pathological or not?

A

ALWAYS pathological

58
Q

What can hyperBR in baby cause?

A

Kernicterus

59
Q

What is kernicterus?

A

Athetosis
High risk of CP
High risk of sensorineural deafness

60
Q

What signs are present in baby in biliary atresia?

A

Dark urine, pale stools

Y5 Paeds (13 decks)

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