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periodical exam > capstone 4th quarter > Flashcards

capstone 4th quarter Flashcards

1
Q

The information you collect, study,
or process, whether they are from field
studies or laboratory experiments are called

A

data`

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2
Q

data are classified as

A

(1) qualitative
(2) quantitative

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3
Q

which are descriptive and unstructured, and

A

(1) qualitative

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4
Q

which are measurable
and analyzed using statistical tools

A

(2) quantitative

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5
Q

The three standard methods of collecting data:

A

observation,
experiment,
survey

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6
Q

The researcher
observes and measures the characteristics of
the subjects without applying any treatment.

A

Observational Data.

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7
Q

types of observation

A

Participant Observation
Non-participant Observation
Naturalistic Observation
Simulation

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8
Q

The researcher takes an active part of the group
without the knowledge of the rest of the group.

A

Participant Observation

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9
Q

The researcherpassively observes** the test
group from a distance by not participating in their
activities.

A

Non-participant Observation

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10
Q

The researcher observes the behavior of the test
group in a natural environment and not in a
laboratory setting.

A

Naturalistic Observation

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11
Q

The researcher observes the behavior of the test
group in a natural environment and not in a
laboratory setting.

A

Naturalistic Observation

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12
Q

mathematical, physical,
or computer models are used to imitate the
conditions of a process or situation.

A

Simulation

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13
Q

are collected from
the experimental study that involves taking
measurements in a controlled setting.

A

Experimental Data

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14
Q

are collected from
the experimental study that involves taking
measurements in a controlled setting.

A

Experimental Data

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15
Q

is the
one that is manipulated by the researcher,

A

independent

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16
Q

is the one likely
to change in response to the independent
variable.

A

dependent

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17
Q

is the one likely
to change in response to the independent
variable.

A

dependent

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18
Q

The remaining variables that stay
constant all throughout the experiment is
called

A

controlled

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19
Q

The data collected from the
experiments are called

A

raw data

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20
Q

There
are two ways of analyzing data:

A
  1. Descriptive Statistics
  2. Inferential Statistics
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21
Q

gives information that describe the data for the
entire group. It summarizes or displays facts that are already known. It is
often presented as graph, chart, or table.

Example: A teacher gets the average, or mean scores, of the whole class in
an examination.

A

Descriptive Statistics

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22
Q

compares groups, test hypothesis, and makes
predictions about a population. It gathers a sample that is randomly selected.

A
  1. Inferential Statistics
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23
Q

The purpose of the analysis

A

is to describe
and summarize the data, identify relationships between variables, compare variables,
determine the difference between variables, and forecast outcomes.

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24
Q

Description or labels without logical order; may be
recorded as text or be assigned with a numerical
code.

A

nominal

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25
Q

Measurements arranged in order, but intervals in
between variables are not equal.

A

ordinal

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26
Q

These variables
can be measured and are either discrete or
continuous.data** have an absolute zero point.**

A

Ratio

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27
Q

do not have a true zero point,

A

interval

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28
Q

number of observation within a given interval

A

frequency distribution

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29
Q

the proportion of observation within a given interval

A

percentage

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30
Q

the average within a rannge of values

A

mean

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31
Q

central value within a range of values

A

median

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32
Q

shows the degree to which a response varies from a mean

A

standard deviation

33
Q

association bet, 2 variables

A

spearman rank correlation

34
Q

association bet 2 variables, normal distribution

A

pearson correlation

35
Q

2 groups, 2 treatments normal distribution. Interval data

A

t test

36
Q

2 groups, multiple treatments normal distribution. nominal data

A

chi-square

37
Q

multiple groups, multiple treatments

A

ANOVA

38
Q

Interpretation of Results

A
  1. Interpretation of Results
  2. Methods must be correctly executed to give accurate results.
  3. Do not ignore the limitations imposed by a certain method.
  4. Talk to your mentor or science adviser.
39
Q

is a condensed form of the results/findings of a study being
undertaken by the researchers.

A

Summary

40
Q

is the section that addresses the value or implication of the study.
It is related to the introduction and should answer the statement of the problem in
sequence. It is the part whether the study supports or refutes a hypothesis.

A

Conclusion

41
Q

section that contains the future directions of the study or
proposes new concepts for further study. It is based on the conclusion.

A

Recommendation

42
Q

Guidelines in Writing the Summary of Findings.

A
  1. There should be a brief statement about the main purpose of the study, the
    population and respondents, the period of study, method of research used,
    the research instrument, and sampling design. There should be no
    explanations made.
  2. The findings may be lumped up all together, but clarity demands that each
    specific question under the statement of the problem must be written first to
    be followed by the findings that would answer it.
  3. The findings should be textual generalizations that is summary of the
    important data consisting of text and numbers.
  4. Highlight only important findings in the summary, esp. which conclusions
    will be based.
  5. No new data should be introduced in the summary of findings.
43
Q

Guidelines in Writing Conclusions

A
  1. No conclusion should be made that are not based on the findings.
  2. Conclusion should appropriately answer the specific questions raised at the
    beginning of the investigation.
  3. Should point out factually learned from the inquiry.
  4. Should be concise, brief, short yet has the necessary information needed in
    the questions raised.
  5. Refers only to the population, area, or subject of the study.
  6. Should not be in repetition.
44
Q

Here are some suggestions on strategies for writing effective conclusion:

A
  1. Conclusion are intertwined with the introduction.
  2. Conclusions are inferences and generalizations based upon the
    findings.
  3. Conclusions should specifically answer the questions posed in the
    “Statement of the problem” of your study.
  4. Conclusions should contain facts or actual results from the inquiry or
    research study.
45
Q

Guidelines in Writing the Recommendations.

A
  1. Recommendation should aim to solve or help solve problems.
  2. Recommendations for things not discussed in the study is irrelevant.
  3. Should be feasible, practical, and attainable.
  4. Should be logical and valid.
  5. Recommendations should address to the persons, entities, agencies, or
    offices who or which are able to implement them.
  6. There should be recommendations for further research on the same topic in
    other places to verify, amplify, or negate the findings of the study.
46
Q

is the first page of your research paper. It shows the title of the study,
the names of the authors, and the name of the institution where the authors are
affiliated.

A

title page

47
Q

is where gratitude is extended to certain individuals who
provided technical help on your paper.

A

acknowledgement

48
Q

should be written in past tense, it is the short background of the study,
objectives of the research, the methods used, the significant findings or results, and
the conclusion.

A

Abstract

49
Q

tells about what the study is all about, studies related that led you
to the current problem, why the study must be done, and significance of the study.

A

introduction

50
Q

of the study is the overview of the research.

A

background

51
Q

gives an overview of the main problem/idea and the
methods used to solve the problem.

A

SOP

52
Q

specifies and explains the aim of the study.

A

Objectives of the study

53
Q

are the contribution of the study or its potential
benefits to the society.

A

Significance of the study

54
Q

describe the coverage and boundaries of the study.

A

Scope and delimitation

55
Q

can be conceptual and operational. Conceptual are taken
from a dictionary, book, encyclopedia among others and Operational is related to how
it is used in the study.

A

Definition of terms

56
Q

it serves as a boost to make the study
established and coherent.

A

Review of Related Literature

57
Q

describes how the data were gathered to fulfill the
objectives of the study.

A

Research methodology

58
Q

is it qualitative or quantitative? It can also be exploratory,
descriptive, and even explanatory research.

A

Research design

59
Q

are the expected outcomes of the research.

A

results

60
Q

is the explanation of the results of the study and how they are
related to past findings and study.

A

Discussions

61
Q

is a condensed form of the results and findings.

A

summary

62
Q

addresses the value or implication of your study.

A

concclusion

63
Q

section contains the future directions of the study or
proposes new concepts for further study.

A

reccomendation

64
Q

section contains the future directions of the study or
proposes new concepts for further study.

A

reccomendation

65
Q

is a list of all sources cited in the paper.

A

reference

66
Q

is the section that includes the extra figures or tables essential to
your results, documents such as permits, letters, photos (be sure not to invade
privacy), certifications, raw data, and any other information like computations.

A

appenndices

67
Q

examination is sometimes required from students to support
their presentation.

A

oral defense

68
Q

Before the Presentation

A
  1. Begin the preparation by knowing the preliminary details of the oral defense
    such as:
    ➢ The date and time of presentation.
    ➢ The duration of the presentation and the question-and answer portion.
    ➢ The size and location of the room.
    ➢ The availability of computer or projector facilities.
    ➢ Since it is pandemic, ask your advisers and panelists what platform they
    would like you to use for their comfortability and accessibility.
  2. Take down notes, in a form of script and practice with your groupmates.
  3. Practice several times.
  4. Master each slide and explain them well with the panel and audience.
  5. You may memorize for a smooth flowing idea. You must understand your study
    that you can answer questions of any form.
  6. Anticipate possible questions and brainstorm this with your groupmates.
69
Q

Be aware that there are criteria that panelists might score you, these are as
follows.

A
  1. Composition and clarity of the population.
  2. Delivery of the oral presentation.
  3. Logical sequence of ideas
  4. Mastery of the subject matter
  5. Visuals used.
70
Q

During the Presentation

A
  1. Dress appropriately for the occasion.
  2. Breathe deeply and compose yourself.
  3. Present only the necessary slides, texts, or pictures to emphasize relevant
    points.
  4. Hold your head up. Look around and make eye contact to the audience. Be
    confident but not too much that it may irritate the panelist. Learn to pause, slow
    down and give emphasis as needed.
  5. Speak slowly, clearly, and audibly.
  6. Make it interesting all throughout.
  7. Have the connection with the audience.
  8. Learn to summarize and simplify your presentation that it will not cause
    boredom.
  9. You should have a positive disposition and the presentation must leave a
    mark/impact to all.
71
Q

After the Presentation

A
  1. Answer the questions as briefly as possible.
  2. Be honest.
  3. Avoid arguing with the panel and audience. Persuade through facts from your
    study without hurting anyone’s feelings.
72
Q

prepares the researcher for all the eventualities during the conduct of the study.

A

careful planning

73
Q

is a series of procedures that the researcher will use in conducting the experiment.

The main purpose of this simplified method is to allow the mind to focus solely on the tasks at hand.

A

protocol

74
Q

On Obtaining the Necessary Materials

A

it is recommended to note all the materials needed in the experiment before gathering them. Alternatives can be done if materials are unavailable, rare, or high cost. In surveys, the questionnaires or interview guides must be photocopied corresponding to the number of samples or respondents.

75
Q

SAFETY CHECK

A
  1. Know the importance of safety- Take all necessary precautions to ensure safety.
  2. Know what to do incase of accidents (research about the materials and chemicals you are handling and common first aid).
  3. Dress appropriately. (gloves, masks, lab gown, hair net) to lessen exposure, risk of being infected.
  4. Do not taste or smell chemicals. (contaminants).
  5. Dispose waste properly.
76
Q

Recording through Log books

A

Accurate collection and recording of data are crucial components in doing a research. The availability of these data are necessary when a researcher tries to verify and defend the processes and outcome of the research. These data can also be useful for government proceedings and business even after the publication of the results.

77
Q

To create a good documentation, the records should be:

A
  1. Accurate, complete, and reliable- all recorded data must always reflect every statistics, facts, and results as truthful and accurate as possible.
  2. Recognizable and retrieval when required- The data should be easily recognized and identified by all the researchers involved, even if taken years before
  3. Safe and secured- All information should be recorded in a way that is protected from damage. (back up-soft and hard copy).
  4. Ethically written and compliant to legal obligations
78
Q

is any manuscript or file that documents all the steps and notes that the researcher did in the entire duration of the research

A

logbook

79
Q

What are the good habits of a researcher?

A
  1. Always organize and plan.
  2. Always take down notes.
  3. Set priorities and avoid distractions
  4. Expect the unexpected.
  5. Accept setbacks
  6. Know when to move on.
  7. Learning is the goal.

periodical exam (2 decks)

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