Capitulo Cuatro - Gramaticas

Question 1

3 things to remember about verbs like gustar:

Answer 1

1. Because gustar and verbs like it are really conjugated as according to the direct object (me gustan las frutas = Fruits please me), you must remember to match gustar to the number it is modifying:

Me gusta la fruta.
Me gustan las frutas.
____

2. Remember to put the personal pronoun before using these verbs for persons other than first:

Me molesta
Te molesta
Le molesta
Nos molesta
Os molesta
Les molesta

____

To emphasize a certain person, usually in a comparative sentence, use the Prepositional pronoun while using these verbs:

A mi me gusta Coldplay, pero a Hank no le gusta.

Well, I like Coldplay, but Hank does not.

Question 2

Estar v. Ser: How should you use Estar?

Answer 2

Use estar for:

1. LOCATION: Express location of people, places or objects.
   - Los libros estan en la mesa.
2. CONDITION: to talk about temporal condition.
   - “Como estas?” “Estoy bien.”
3. EMOTIONAL CONDITIONS: to talk about emotional conditions.
   - Estoy muy ocupada esta semana.

Question 3

Estar v. Ser: How should you use Ser?

Answer 3

Use SER for:

1. IDENTIFYING - yourself and others.
   - Soy Ana y esta es mi hermana, Luisa.
2. PROFESSIONS - to indicate professions.
   - Pablo Picasso es un artista famoso.
3. PERSONALITY/PHYSICAL TRAITS
   - Somos altos y delgados.
   - Soy estudiante bueno.
4. TIME AND DATE
   - Es la una de la tarde. Hoy es miercoles.
5. NATIONALITY/ORIGIN
   - Soy de Texas.
6. POSSESSION (w/ “de”)
   - Este celular es de Anita.
7. LOCATION
   - La fiesta es en la residencia estudiantil.

Question 4

Stem changing verbs: conjugate a present indicative w/ a stem change of “o” into “ue”

Answer 4

o -> ue

encontrar (to find):
encuentro
encuentras
encuentra

encontramos
encontrais
encuentran

Question 5

Stem changing verbs: conjugate a present indicative w/ a stem change of “e” into “ie”

Answer 5

preferir (to prefer):
prefiero
prefieres
prefiere

preferimos
preferis
prefieren

Question 6

Stem changing verbs: conjugate a present indicative w/ a stem change of “e” into “i”

Answer 6

pedir (to ask for):

pido
pides
pide

pedimos
pedis
piden

Question 7

What forms do present indicative stem-changing verbs not change their stems?

Answer 7

In the Nosotros and Vosotros forms.

Question 8

How do you form an adverb (“slowly,” “generally,” “easily”…) ?

Answer 8

By adding “-mente.” (If the adjective ends with an “o,” change it to an “a” first.

• facil - facilmente (easily)
• dificil - dificilmente (difficultly)
• lentO - lentAmente (slowly)
• rapidO - rapidAmente (rapidly)

(More words)

• frecuentemente
• normalmente
• generalmente