Capitulo 9 10 grammar Flashcards
more…than
más….que
less…than
menos…que
as…as
tan…como
as much…as
as many….as
tanto/a/os/as…como
the most….
el, la, los, las más…de
the least…
el, la, los, las menos…de
My Spanish class is good. My Spanish class is better than... My Spanish class is the best...
Mi clase de español es buena.
Mi clase de español es mejor que…
Mi clase de español es la major de…
subjunctive rules: when to use
volition, will, feelings, emotions, doubt, uncertainty, probability, report on others requests, recommendations or wishes
adverbial clauses (ESCAPA)
a menos que antes de que con tal de que en caso de que para que sin que
indicative clauses (YAP)
ya que
ahora que
puesto que
clauses to use either subjunctive or indicative (12)
aun cuando aunque a pesar de que cuando de manera que de modo que después de que en cuanto hasta que luego que mientras que tan pronto como
rules for clauses that can use either subjunctive or indicative
- happened in the past (from point of view of speaker): indicative
- did not happen in the past; subjunctive
- no change of subject: indicative with following clauses antes, después, hasta, sin, para
if…then
which verb tenses to use
si (present indicative)…(present indicative)
si (““)…(future)
si (““)…(command)
por (demmm)
duration of time movement or location motive exchange means
para (cdrpg)
point in time/deadline destination recipient comparison goal/purpose
imperfect subjunctive formation
take third person plural of preterit
drop -on
add -a, -as, -a, -amos (accent the last vowel of the stem), -ais, -an
past perfect subjunctive formation (pluperfect)
imperfect subjunctive haber + past participle
imperfect subjunctive haber
hubiera hubieras hubiera hubiéramos hubierais hubieran
use of past perfect subjunctive
used the same as present perfect but used to refer to event prior to another past event
I wished that…already had happened
si clauses of hypothetical/contrary-to-fact information
how to form: if I were Tarzan, I would live with monkeys.
Si + imperfect subjunctive + conditional
Si fuera Tarzan, viviría con los monos.
si clauses of hypothetical/contrary-to-fact information
how to form: If I had been Tarzan, I would have lived with monkeys.
Si + past perfect subjunctive + conditional perfect
Si hubiera sido Tarzan, habría vivido con los monos.
main clause: present indicative use what in subordinate clause when actions are contemporaneous
We insist that they begin
present subjunctive
Insistimos en que ellos empiecen.
main clause: present indicative use what in subordinate clause when action is earlier than
We hope that they have begun
present perfect subjunctive
Esperamos que ello hayan empezado.
main clause: preterit, imperfect or conditional use what in subordinate clause
He insisted that we go
imperfect subjunctive
Él insistió que fuéramos
main clause: imperfect use what in subordinate clause when action is contemporaneous or after
We insisted that they recycle
imperfect subjunctive
Insistíamos en que ellos reciclaran
main clause: imperfect use what in subordinate clause when action is before
We hoped that they had begun
past perfect subjunctive
Esperábamos que ellos hubieran empezado
