Capital 4 Flashcards
What are the principles that characterize a fully circular company?
- operational principles
- prooduct principles
- commercial principles
–>these need to be embedded across its value chain
What are the key stages in a circular value chain?
- raw materials
- Design
- Produce
- Distribute
- Use
- End-of-life/collect
- Recycle/new input
What are the circularity principles applied to products?
- Prioritize recycled or at least recyclable input materials in design & production
- Design products for long-term care (longevity, re-use, etc.)
What are the circularity principles applied to operations?
- Minimize waste & resource requirements in production
- Set up processes / partnerships to recover resources for alternative use & recycling
What are the circularity principles applied to the business model?
- Maximize utilization and increase life-time of vehicles by adjusting business models
- Incentivize and help end-users prolong product lifecycle
What are the 6 stages of prioritization in waste management?
1.Prevention and reduction
2.Re-use,repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing
3.Recycling
4.Incineration
5.Landfillling
6.Leakage into the environment
What happen in the first stage of prioritization in waste management?
–>Prevention and reduction
- Prevention of use where possible (e.g., in plastics)
- Reduction of single-use materials
What happen in the second stage of prioritization in waste management?
Re-use, Repair, Refurbishment, and Remanufacturing
- Production of reusable products
- Design for long life and increased utilization.
What happen in the third stage of prioritization in waste management?
Recycling
- Recycling of materials
- Requires sorting technologies or separated collection systems.
What happen in the fourth stage of prioritization in waste management?
Incineration
- Energy recovery through burning of waste.
- Only favorable as a last resort.
What happen in the fifth stage of prioritization in waste management?
Landfilling
- Results in the indefinite loss of raw material.
What is the worst-case scenario in waste management?
Leakage into the environment
Causes significant harm to ecosystems and represents the least desirable outcome.
What are the three primary recycling technologies discussed?
1.Checmical recycling: Thermal conversion
2.Chemical recyling: Deploymeriation
3.Mechanical recycling
What is Chemical Recycling - Depolymerization?
- Breaks waste down into monomers
- Requires single-stream waste
- Produces ‘virgin-grade’ products.
What is the flow in a circular recycling loop?
1.Refinery: Produces refined hydrocarbons.
2.Steamcracker: Converts hydrocarbons into basic chemicals.
3.Polymer Production: Creates polymers from monomers.
4.Plastics Production: Forms plastics from polymers.
5.Collection and Sorting: Retrieves plastic waste for recycling.
