Capillaries and lymph

Question 1

2 main body compartments

Answer 1

60% water and 40% solid

Question 2

Subparts of the water make up in body

Answer 2

2/3 intracellular fluid
1/3 extracellular fluid

Question 3

Parts of extracellular fluid

Answer 3

Interstitial fluid
Plasma

Question 4

Interstitial fluid

Answer 4

Fluid between the cells (surrounding and within tissue)

Question 5

Types of capillaries

Answer 5

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

Question 6

Continuous capillary

Answer 6

Tightly joined epithelial cells that regulate selective molecular exchange
Leaky junctions at the cleft of the cells

Question 7

Fenestrated capillaries

Answer 7

Contains pores that facilitate increased permeability for fluid and small molecules

Question 8

Location of fenestrated capillaries

Answer 8

Intestinal wall and endocrine organs

Question 9

Which capillaries have a continues basement membrane

Answer 9

Continuous and fenestrated

Question 10

Sinusoidal capillary

Answer 10

Capillaries with large gaping spaces enabling passage of cells and large molecules
There is an increase in exchange across the membrane so decrease in regulation

Question 11

2 primary pressures acting on water within capillaries (starling forces)

Answer 11

Hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure

Question 12

Starling forces

Answer 12

Forces that drive the fluid exchange in capillaries
Determines net movement of H20

Question 13

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 13

Filters water out of the capillary into the interstitial space

Question 14

Forces within hydrostatic pressure

Answer 14

Cap. hydro pressure pushes fluid out of capillary
Interstitial hydro pressure pushes fluid into the cap.

Question 15

Oncotic pressure

Answer 15

Absorbs water from the interstitial space into capillary

Question 16

What creates constant oncotic pressure in blood vessels

Answer 16

Albumin

Question 17

How to determine if net efflux or influx of water

Answer 17

If the answer is negative then water moves into the capillary
If answer is positive water moves out

Question 18

Lymphatic system functions

Answer 18

Return excess interstitial fluid to the venous circulation
Pick up fat absorbed and transfer to circulatory system
Filter for pathogens

Question 19

Thoracic lymphatic duct location

Answer 19

Largest lymph vessel, located in posterior mediastinum and terminates in left brachiocephalic vein

Question 20

Function of thoracic lymphatic duct

Answer 20

Collects lymph from all parts of the body except the right side of head, neck, thorax, and right upper limb

Question 21

Right lymphatic duct

Answer 21

Terminates in the right brachiocephalic vein

Question 22

Function of the right lymphatic duct

Answer 22

Collects lymph from right side of the head/neck, right thorax, and right upper limb

Question 23

Lymph nodes

Answer 23

Where unfiltered lymph drains

Question 24

Lymph node and immune response

Answer 24

Dendrite in node detects bacteria and presents antigen
B cells react and make antibodies

Question 25

T cells and luymph

Answer 25

Circulate between lymph nodes, lymph, and blood
Looks out for pathogens that have been tagged

Question 26

In fetus where does oxygen come from

Answer 26

Placenta via the umbilical cord

Question 27

Umbilical vein

Answer 27

Supplies fetus with needed nutrition and 02

Question 28

Umbilical arteries

Answer 28

Delivers waste products and CO2 from fetus to placenta

Question 29

Ductus venosus

Answer 29

Vessel that directs blood from the umbilical vein directly to the IVC, so bypasses the liver

Question 30

Travel of ductus venosus

Answer 30

Placenta
umbilical v
left portal v
ductus venosus
IVC

Question 31

Ligamentum venosus

Answer 31

What used to be the ductus venosus

Question 32

Foramen ovale

Answer 32

Opening between the RA and LA in a fetus

Question 33

Purpose of foramen ovale

Answer 33

Shunts oxygenated blood from RA to LA (no lung circulation)

Question 34

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

Answer 34

Arteries in lungs constricted because of no 02 flow, increased resistance to BF, pulmonary arteries have increase in pressure resulting in increase pressure in the RA, higher than LA possible for foramen ovale valve

Question 35

Closing of foramen ovale

Answer 35

Once LA has higher pressure during normal function the valve is pressed closed until it fuses with the heart tissue

Question 36

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 36

Fetal blood vessel that shunts blood from pulmonary arteries to descending aorta allowing blood from RV to bypass non functioning lungs

Question 37

Closing of ductus arteriosus

Answer 37

Once pulmonary function starts, O2 is introduced which constricts and terns into ligamentum arteriosum