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Comprehensive Exams > CAPD > Flashcards

CAPD Flashcards

1
Q

GIN Threshold

A

73% sensitivity

84% specificity

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2
Q

GIN Percent Correct Score

A

56% sensitivity

87% specificity

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3
Q

Frequency Pattern Test

A

80-90% sensitivity

90-100% specificity

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4
Q

Staggered Spondaic Word Test

A

No sensitivity reported

77% specificity

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5
Q

SCAN 3:C Filtered Word Subtest

A

No sensitivity and specificity reported

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6
Q

500-Hz MLD

A
  1. 4% sensitivity

60. 3% specificity

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7
Q

Why are screening tools useful for evaluating children 6-7 years old?

A

These tests can be used to screen children whose auditory systems have not completely developed.

If a child younger than 7 performs poorly on behavioral measures, they should be identified as a child at-risk for developing CAPD

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8
Q

What is temporal processing?

A
  • Refers to the perception of temporal characteristics of a signal over time and may include tasks related to gap detection, integration, and sequencing of patterns C
  • Temporal processing tasks are sensitive to lesions in the right hemisphere of the auditory cortex.
  • If a verbal response is required for the test, then that test will also be sensitive to lesions in the left hemisphere of the auditory cortex.
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9
Q

What test will be used to assess temporal resulution?

A

Gaps in Noise C

  • Assesses temporal resolution.
  • Sensitive to cortical and brainstem lesions.
  • Appropriate for young children due to low cognitive demand and auditory system maturity of the brainstem and cortex.
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10
Q

What test will be used to assess temporal sequencing?

A

Frequency Pattern Sequence Test (FPT) C

  • Sensitive to cortical and corpus callosum lesions.
  • Ear differences are not common.
  • Appropriate for children 8 years and older
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11
Q

What is dichotic listening?

A
  • Refers to an individual’s abilities to integrate or separate speech stimuli presented to each ear simultaneously
  • Presents stimuli to both ears, which then travels through the ipsilateral and contralateral pathways, including the corpus callosum.
  • Dichotic listening tasks are most sensitive to auditory cortex and interhemispheric lesions.
  • They can also be sensitive to auditory brainstem lesions.
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12
Q

What test is used to assess dichotic listening?

A

Staggered Spondaic Word (SSW) Test

  • Both a measure of dichotic listening and binaural interaction.
  • Linguistically loaded.
  • Sensitive to brainstem, cortical, and corpus callosum lesions.
  • The test is simple enough for school-age children to understand.
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13
Q

What is monaural low-redundancy speech?

A
  • Monaural low-redundancy speech tasks examine an individual’s abilities to recognize degraded speech stimuli, either filtered or temporally altered
  • Evaluates the process of auditory closure
  • Auditory closure is an individual’s ability to fill in missing or distorted parts of the auditory signal and comprehend the meaning of the message.
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14
Q

What test will be used to assess monaural low-redundancy speech?

A

SCAN-3:C Filtered Words Subtest C

  • Presents low-pass filtered monosyllabic words from the Spache readability word list and the Kindergarten Phonetically Balanced word lists.
  • The low-pass filtered speech test is sensitive to brainstem/cortical lesions.
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15
Q

What is binaural interaction?

A
  • Assesses the identification of intensity or temporal differences of stimuli presented separately (diotic) to each ear
  • Requires the listener to integrate the information in order to perceive the entire message.
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16
Q

What test will be used to assess binaural interaction?

A

500-Hz MLD

  • One of the more sensitive tests in the binaural interaction category.
  • The MLD is sensitive to low brainstem lesions.
  • Can be administered to children.
  • Not resistant to peripheral hearing loss.
17
Q

Besides behavioral measures, what assessment should be conducted?

A

Electrophysiologic assessment

  • If a child has abnormal performance on CAPD behavioral measures, then they should undergo objective assessment.
  • Conducting an electrophysiologic assessments can objectively demonstrate neural deficits within the CANS.
  • Electrophysiologic measures are also resistant to factors that affect performance on behavioral measures, including attention, fatigue, and motivation.
  • These measures can also be resistant to comorbid conditions such as language disorders.
18
Q

What electrophysiologic measures should be conducted?

A

Auditory brainstem response (ABR)

  • The ABR is an early latency response.
  • An abnormal ABR occurs in patients with lesions in the auditory nerve and/or caudal brainstem.

Middle latency response (MLR)

  • The MLR occurs after the ABR.
  • The MLR is sensitive to lesions in the thalamus and primary auditory projections.

P300

  • The P300 is a late response that assesses cortical functions.
  • The P300 is sensitive to lesions within the cerebrum.
19
Q

What developmental conditions present similarly to CAPD?

A
  • SLI
  • Dyslexia
  • ADHD
  • Hearing loss
20
Q

What are the overlapping symptoms between CAPD and other conditions?

A
  • Poor attention
  • High distractibility
  • Reading and language difficulties
  • Difficulties following instructions
21
Q

What is dyxlexia?

A
  • Dyslexia is a disability characterized by difficulty learning to read in the presence of normal intelligence
  • Children with dyslexia have poor performance on certain CAPD behavioral measures, such as the Pitch Pattern Sequence Test, the Dichotic Digits, and Gap Detection
22
Q

What is SLI?

A
  • The etiology of SLI is unknown, but can be explained by the temporal auditory processing deficit theory.
  • Children with SLI are unable to process rapid speech and environmental sounds due to abnormal encoding of auditory information.
  • Children with SLI demonstrate abnormal temporal processing and frequency discrimination.
  • Children with SLI and CAPD perform similarly on behavioral measures.
23
Q

What is ADHD?

A
  • Children with ADHD present with hyperactivity, inconsistent task performance, and academic, social, and emotional problems.
  • ADHD is thought to affect executive functions, such as attention and working-memory.
  • Both children with ADHD or CAPD can present as inattentive or easily distracted, require multiple repetitions of instructions, and have difficulty listening in background noise
24
Q

How does hearing loss affect performance on CAPD behavioral measures?

A
  • During CAPD assessment, it is important to determine if the abnormal performance is due to a hearing loss or deficits in central auditory processing.
  • It is possible that abnormal performance may be due to changes in the CANS as a result of sensory deprivation, rather than a central auditory processing disorder.
  • Peripheral hearing loss can affect performance on a number of central auditory processing tasks; however, some behavioral measures are more resistant to mild to moderate sensorineural hearing losses.
25
Q

What aer other factors that affect performance?

A
  • Performance can be influenced by various factors, including memory, attention, motivation, fatigue, and linguistic abilities.
  • Children may experience auditory fatigue as a result of an arduous and extensive test session.
  • This is demonstrated by declining performance on tests towards the end of the session.
  • Children assessed for CAPD may have behavioral and/or cognitive problems that require medication.
  • It is important that these children are properly medicated prior to and during testing.
  • Not taking a medication can impact performance.
  • Given that fatigue and attention can affect most children’s performance, the audiologist administering the test battery needs to be time-efficient during testing.
  • The audiologist also needs to monitor each patient’s alertness, motivation, and energy level during the test session.
26
Q

How can the audiologist account for the range of auditory abilities across the age range of patients?

A
  • The majority of behavioral tests involve interhemispheric function, which matures at variable rates in young children.
  • Between the ages of 6 and 12, the auditory cortex continues to develop.
  • By age 11 or 12, the axons in the auditory cortex reach the same maturity level as adults
  • Improvements in complex auditory processing occur due to increased communication between the auditory cortex of the right and left hemispheres
  • As the auditory cortex continues to develop, waves of the P300 response appear by age 9.
  • Additionally, as children develop, their speech processing and discrimination abilities in adverse listening environments improves
27
Q

How can auditory ability affect performance on CAPD measures?

A
  • It is important that the audiologist considers how auditory system development can impact performance on behavioral measures.
  • Ear advantages also demonstrate possible lesions in the corpus callosum.
  • For example, on the SSW, young children can demonstrate a right-ear advantage if they have an underdeveloped corpus callosum or have corpus callosum impairment

Comprehensive Exams (9 decks)

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