Cap Test 2016 Flashcards
Lack of which hormone in uterus results in impaired brain development
Thyroxine
Hormone with marked diurnal variation
Cortisol
Hormone released acutely during labour and breastfeeding
Oxytocin (synthetic oxytocin can be used to induce labour)
Child with no developmental abnormalities apart from social interactions
Aspergers
Antibody for rheumatoid arthritis
Anti-CCP
Antibody for anti phospholipid syndrome
Anti-cardiolipin antibody
Antibodies in systemic sclerosis
Anti-centromere antibodies
First line investigation suspected colorectal cancer
Colonoscopy
First line investigation for coeliac disease
Tissue transglutaminase
Cause of bronchiolitis
RSV
Treatment for bronchiolitis
Admit, supportive therapy
Cause of type 1 diabetic sudden onset double vision
Cranial focal mono neuropathy
First line investigation of autoimmune blistering disorders (e.g. pemphigus)
Diagnostic biopsy with immunofluorescence
First line investigation of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
MRI
Imaging of choice for paranasal sinuses
CT
Hormone imbalance in Addison’s disease
Low cortisol
High ACTH
Process by which ketones are produced
Lipolysis
Diagnostic blood test in suspected meningitis
Meningococcal PCR
Presentation of non-flexion contracture which is not correctable in elderly patient. Diagnosis?
Dupuytren’s disease
Do tendon sheath ganglia usually cause contractures?
No. Usually well circumscribed
Does carpal tunnel syndrome present with inflammation?
No. Normally presents with pain and numbness
What is Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)?
Severe, acute superficial desquamating eruption often secondary to a drug.
Which foremen does the internal carotid artery pass through?
Foramen lacerum
Which Foramen does the middle meningeal artery pass through?
Foramen spinosum
What Foramen does the facial nerve pass through?
Stylomastoid Foramen
Step 1 asthma treatment
SABA
Step 2 asthma treatment
SABA + steroid
Commonest cancer in lower third of oesophagus
Adenocarcinoma
Examples of causes of sensorineural hearing loss
Menière’s disease
Occupational loud noise exposure
Vestibular schwannoma
Gentamicin
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals change colour under polarising filter with change of the polarisation alignment
Pseudogout
What do healthy start vitamins contain?
Folic acid, vitamins C and D
What deficiency causes beri beri?
Thiamine deficiency (vitamin B1)
What deficiency causes goitre?
Iodine deficiency
What deficiency causes pellagra?
Niacin deficiency (vitamin B3)
Cause of a burst fracture?
Severe axial loading
Fall from height
Causes of right shift of oxygen dissociation curve
Hyperthermia
Hypercapnia
Acidosis
Sickle cell disease
Causes of left shift of oxygen dissociation curve
Hypothermia
Hypo apnea
Alkalosis
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Progression of energy stores used
4 secs - ATP 15 secs - phosphocreatinine 4 mins - free circulating glucose 77 mins - glycogen stores 4+ days - fat stores
In foetal skin development where do melanocytes migrate from?
Neural crest
Surface landmark of horizontal fissure?
Anterior end of rib 4
Where is the voracious process located?
Inferior to AC joint
What the attachment of the pectoralis minor?
Coracoid process
X Ray features of seronegative arthritis?
Soft tissue welling (especially in psoriatic arthritis) Sacroiliac joint erosion Irregular peri-articular joint erosion Cup and pencil deformity Spinal ligament ossification
Side effects of diclofenac
GI bleeding (anaemia & melaena)
What is Dowager’s hump caused by?
Multiple wedge fractures (side effect of steroids)
Side effect of hydroxychloroquine?
Retinopathy
What are high force displaced femoral neck fractures at risk of? (Complication)
Avascular necrosis
Which vessel carries blood from the liver (from the stomach, pancreas and bowel) into the IVC?
Hepatic vein
What vessels arise from the abdominal aorta? (superior to inferior)
Adrenal
Renal
Gonadal
What vessels arise from the coeliac trunk?
Common hepatic artery
Splenic artery
Left gastric artery
First line investigation in suspected Graves’ disease
Thyroid function tests
At what point does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?
As it passes under the inguinal ligament
What is the arterial bloody supply to the diaphragm from?
Inferior aspect of the thoracic aorta
Which artery supplies the midgut?
Superior mesenteric artery
Presentation of thyroiditis
Painful neck swelling
Associated with other intercurrent illness and the person has hyperthyroid symptoms
What is the function of sebaceous glands?
Skin lubrication
Which cells produce collagen?
Fibroblasts
What is a low Km indicative of?
High affinity of an enzyme for its substrate
Where is the peroneal nerve located?
Lateral side of knee
Which area of the eye has the highest concentration of cones?
Fovea (means it has highest visual resolution)
What is fertilisation? (Embryology)
Union of sperm and oocyte
What is cleavage? (Embryology)
Earliest cell divisions of the embryo
What is morphogenesis? (Embryology)
Formation of the body plan
What is organogenesis? (Embryology)
Development of the primordial of all organs of the body
What is gastrulation? (Embryology)
Migration of cells through the primitive streak to form the germ layers
Presentation of times capitis
Defined scaly area with inflammation and alopecia
What is kerion?
Inflamed boggy pustular swelling caused by a dramatic immune response to a dermatophyte fungal infection
Which types of hepatitis are spread via the faeco-oral route?
Hep A + E
Test for norovirus
Stool PCR
Which enzyme transcribes genetic material?
RNA polymerase
Best course of treatment for patient with red, irritable sticky eyes (visual acuity is normal)
Antibiotic drops
Which antibiotic can cause tooth discolouration if used in children under 12?
Tetracycline
Which kidney disease is autosomal dominant and often presents with haematuria, often with loin pain?
Polycyclic kidney disease
What is Panton Valentine leukocidin?
A cytotoxic associated with highly virulent strain of staph aureus causing necrolytic skin infection
Most likely cause of bile coloured vomit in 2 day old?
Sigmoid volvulus
Cause of 2 week old projectile committing and hungry child?
Pyloric stenosis
At what age is ADHD usually recognised?
6-12 years
First line investigation in acute kidney injury
Ultrasound
