Cap Test 2016 Flashcards by Alison Young

Lack of which hormone in uterus results in impaired brain development

Thyroxine

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Hormone with marked diurnal variation

Cortisol

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Hormone released acutely during labour and breastfeeding

Oxytocin (synthetic oxytocin can be used to induce labour)

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Child with no developmental abnormalities apart from social interactions

Aspergers

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Antibody for rheumatoid arthritis

Anti-CCP

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Antibody for anti phospholipid syndrome

Anti-cardiolipin antibody

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Antibodies in systemic sclerosis

Anti-centromere antibodies

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First line investigation suspected colorectal cancer

Colonoscopy

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First line investigation for coeliac disease

Tissue transglutaminase

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Cause of bronchiolitis

RSV

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Treatment for bronchiolitis

Admit, supportive therapy

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Cause of type 1 diabetic sudden onset double vision

Cranial focal mono neuropathy

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First line investigation of autoimmune blistering disorders (e.g. pemphigus)

Diagnostic biopsy with immunofluorescence

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First line investigation of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

MRI

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Imaging of choice for paranasal sinuses

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Hormone imbalance in Addison’s disease

Low cortisol

High ACTH

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Process by which ketones are produced

Lipolysis

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Diagnostic blood test in suspected meningitis

Meningococcal PCR

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Presentation of non-flexion contracture which is not correctable in elderly patient. Diagnosis?

Dupuytren’s disease

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Do tendon sheath ganglia usually cause contractures?

No. Usually well circumscribed

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Does carpal tunnel syndrome present with inflammation?

No. Normally presents with pain and numbness

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What is Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)?

Severe, acute superficial desquamating eruption often secondary to a drug.

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Which foremen does the internal carotid artery pass through?

Foramen lacerum

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Which Foramen does the middle meningeal artery pass through?

Foramen spinosum

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What Foramen does the facial nerve pass through?

Stylomastoid Foramen

Step 1 asthma treatment

SABA

Step 2 asthma treatment

SABA + steroid

Commonest cancer in lower third of oesophagus

Adenocarcinoma

Examples of causes of sensorineural hearing loss

Menière's disease Occupational loud noise exposure Vestibular schwannoma Gentamicin

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals change colour under polarising filter with change of the polarisation alignment

Pseudogout

What do healthy start vitamins contain?

Folic acid, vitamins C and D

What deficiency causes beri beri?

Thiamine deficiency (vitamin B1)

What deficiency causes goitre?

Iodine deficiency

What deficiency causes pellagra?

Niacin deficiency (vitamin B3)

Cause of a burst fracture?

Severe axial loading | Fall from height

Causes of right shift of oxygen dissociation curve

Hyperthermia Hypercapnia Acidosis Sickle cell disease

Causes of left shift of oxygen dissociation curve

Hypothermia Hypo apnea Alkalosis Carbon monoxide poisoning

Progression of energy stores used

``` 4 secs - ATP 15 secs - phosphocreatinine 4 mins - free circulating glucose 77 mins - glycogen stores 4+ days - fat stores ```

In foetal skin development where do melanocytes migrate from?

Neural crest

Surface landmark of horizontal fissure?

Anterior end of rib 4

Where is the voracious process located?

Inferior to AC joint

What the attachment of the pectoralis minor?

Coracoid process

X Ray features of seronegative arthritis?

``` Soft tissue welling (especially in psoriatic arthritis) Sacroiliac joint erosion Irregular peri-articular joint erosion Cup and pencil deformity Spinal ligament ossification ```

Side effects of diclofenac

GI bleeding (anaemia & melaena)

What is Dowager's hump caused by?

Multiple wedge fractures (side effect of steroids)

Side effect of hydroxychloroquine?

Retinopathy

What are high force displaced femoral neck fractures at risk of? (Complication)

Avascular necrosis

Which vessel carries blood from the liver (from the stomach, pancreas and bowel) into the IVC?

Hepatic vein

What vessels arise from the abdominal aorta? (superior to inferior)

Adrenal Renal Gonadal

What vessels arise from the coeliac trunk?

Common hepatic artery Splenic artery Left gastric artery

First line investigation in suspected Graves' disease

Thyroid function tests

At what point does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

As it passes under the inguinal ligament

What is the arterial bloody supply to the diaphragm from?

Inferior aspect of the thoracic aorta

Which artery supplies the midgut?

Superior mesenteric artery

Presentation of thyroiditis

Painful neck swelling | Associated with other intercurrent illness and the person has hyperthyroid symptoms

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

Skin lubrication

Which cells produce collagen?

Fibroblasts

What is a low Km indicative of?

High affinity of an enzyme for its substrate

Where is the peroneal nerve located?

Lateral side of knee

Which area of the eye has the highest concentration of cones?

Fovea (means it has highest visual resolution)

What is fertilisation? (Embryology)

Union of sperm and oocyte

What is cleavage? (Embryology)

Earliest cell divisions of the embryo

What is morphogenesis? (Embryology)

Formation of the body plan

What is organogenesis? (Embryology)

Development of the primordial of all organs of the body

What is gastrulation? (Embryology)

Migration of cells through the primitive streak to form the germ layers

Presentation of times capitis

Defined scaly area with inflammation and alopecia

What is kerion?

Inflamed boggy pustular swelling caused by a dramatic immune response to a dermatophyte fungal infection

Which types of hepatitis are spread via the faeco-oral route?

Hep A + E

Test for norovirus

Stool PCR

Which enzyme transcribes genetic material?

RNA polymerase

Best course of treatment for patient with red, irritable sticky eyes (visual acuity is normal)

Antibiotic drops

Which antibiotic can cause tooth discolouration if used in children under 12?

Tetracycline

Which kidney disease is autosomal dominant and often presents with haematuria, often with loin pain?

Polycyclic kidney disease

What is Panton Valentine leukocidin?

A cytotoxic associated with highly virulent strain of staph aureus causing necrolytic skin infection

Most likely cause of bile coloured vomit in 2 day old?

Sigmoid volvulus

Cause of 2 week old projectile committing and hungry child?

Pyloric stenosis

At what age is ADHD usually recognised?

6-12 years

First line investigation in acute kidney injury

Ultrasound