CAP Probability and Statistics

Question 1

Negative binomial probably distribution

Answer 1

A distribution that describes the odds of having a number of successful Bernoulli trials before having a given number of failures

Question 2

Hypergeometric probability distribution

Answer 2

A function describing the probability of drawing a sample of k successes in n draws without replacement from a population with K successes and N samples

Question 3

Lognormal Distribution

Answer 3

Any distribution whose logarithm is normally distributed

Question 4

Statistics

Answer 4

Study of collection, analysis, interpretation, and organization of data

Question 5

Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF)

Answer 5

A function that describes the likelihood of a random variable taking on a value less than or equal to a given value

Question 6

Binomial Distribution

Answer 6

A function describing the number of successes in independent experiments, defined by number of trials and probability of success in each trial

Question 7

Arithmetic mean

Answer 7

Measure of central tendency indicated by summing the sample then dividing by the sample size

Question 8

Weibull probability distribution

Answer 8

A distribution that describes how failure rates change over time

Question 9

Probability Mass Function (PMF)

Answer 9

A function that describes the relative likelihood of a discrete random variable taking on a given value

Question 10

Harmonic mean

Answer 10

Measure of central tendency indicated by the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals; typically used when averaging rates

Question 11

normal probability distribution

Answer 11

A distribution shaped like a symmetric bell curve, used when sample size is large or the population standard deviation is known

Question 12

Geometric mean

Answer 12

Measure of central tendency indicated by taking the nth root of the product of the sample; typically used when comparing items that have different properties with different ranges

Question 13

Bernoulli Probability Distribution

Answer 13

A function where the random variable equals 1 with a probability p and equals 0 with a probability 1-p

Question 14

exponential probability distribution

Answer 14

A function describing the amount of time that passes between events in a Poisson process

Question 15

Probability Density Function (PDF)

Answer 15

A function that describes the relative likelihood of a continuous random variable taking on a given value

Question 16

Gamma probability distribution

Answer 16

A distribution used to model arrival times of multiple entities in a Poisson process, models any process where values are always positive and come from skewed distributions

Question 17

Variance

Answer 17

The sum of square deviations of all values in the data set divided by the number of values in the data set

Question 18

Median

Answer 18

Measure of central tendency indicating the value that separates the higher half of a sample from the lower half of the sample

Question 19

beta probability distribution

Answer 19

A distribution that models the behavior of random variables limited to intervals of finite lengths

Question 20

Skewness

Answer 20

Measure of asymmetry in a data distribution about its mean

Question 21

Student’s t-distribution

Answer 21

A distribution used to estimate the mean of a normally distributed population where the sample size is small and the population standard deviation is unknown

Question 22

Poisson Probability Distribution

Answer 22

A function describing the likelihood of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space where events occur independent of each other at a known constant rate

Question 23

Chi Square Probability Distribution

Answer 23

A distribution used in statistical tests for fitting an observed distribution to a theoretical one, assessing independent of two classification criteria, and confidence interval estimation for standard deviation

Question 24

Heteroskedasticity

Answer 24

Describes a data set where subpopulations have different variances than the population as a whole

Question 25

Standard deviation

Answer 25

The square root of variance

Question 26

Mode

Answer 26

Measure of central tendency indicating the most common value in a sample

Question 27

Absolute deviation

Answer 27

The difference from each value in the dataset from the arithmetic mean

Question 28

Geometric probability distribution

Answer 28

A function describing the number of Bernoulli trials needed to reach the first successful trial

Question 29

Probability

Answer 29

Measure of likelihood of an event occurring

Question 30

Uniform probability distribution

Answer 30

A function where all intervals of the same length are equally probable

Question 31

Kurtosis

Answer 31

Measure of sharpness of a peak in a data distribution