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CANS quiz > CANS study set > Flashcards

CANS study set Flashcards

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1
Q

two major parts of the CNS

A

spinal cord and brain

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2
Q

They are covered by _______

A

meninges

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3
Q

The three meninges are and what fluid fills the space between the middle and inner layers

A

dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater

CSF

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4
Q

4 major lobes

A

temporal
parietal
occipital
frontal

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5
Q

VIII enters CANS at the junction of the _______ and ______

A

medulla and pons

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6
Q

CNS main nerve cell type is

A

multipolar

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7
Q

VIII th crainial nerve is

A

bipolar

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8
Q

List the major ascending pathway’s

(primary auditory pathways)

A

Cochlear nuclei
superior olivary complex
inferior colliculus
medial geniculate body
primary auditory cortex

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9
Q

What are the three divisions of cochlear nuclei

A

DCN
AVCN
PVCN

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10
Q

SOC receives _______ information crucial for _______ _______ and is the mediation site for the ______ _______

A

bilateral
sound localization
acoustic reflex

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11
Q

What are the three nuclei of the SOC

A

LSO
MSO
MNTB

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12
Q

In the LSO cells are ______ by _________ ear stimulation and _______ by _________ ear stimulation

A

excited by ipsilateral
inhibited by contralateral

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13
Q

The LSO axons mostly cross ________ to ________ ______ ______

A

midline to contralateral IC

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14
Q

LSO cells respond to ______ frequency for interaural intensity differences

A

high

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15
Q

MSO has _____ frequency differences

A

low

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16
Q

MSO axons go through the LL to the ________ IC

A

ipsilateral

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17
Q

MSO sends projections to ______ ______ of _______ and _______ nerves

A

motor nuclei
facial and trigeminal

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18
Q

MNTB serves as a relay from _________ _______ ________ ______ ______ to the _________ ______ ______ _______

A

contralateral AVCN to the ipsilateral LSO

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19
Q

IC is the main receiver for the _________ path from the _____ _____ _____

A

ascending
SOC

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20
Q

The IC receives ______ ______ from the DCN

A

direct afferents

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21
Q

IC plays an ______ _______ role in __________, _______ ______ _____, ______ _______

A

auditory reflexive role
Startle, head turning reflex and auditory attention

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22
Q

IC projections go to ___________ MGB

A

ipsilateral

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23
Q

the MGB has 3 divisions _______, ________, _______, and is located in the ________

A

Dorsal
Medial
Ventral
thalamus

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24
Q

PAC is located on the ________ ______ of the _______ _____ _______ AKA ______ ______

A

superior surface
superior temporal gyrus
AKA heschl’s gyrus

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25
Q

behavioral studies indicate AC is implicated in __________ _________, and _________

A

frequency discrimination tasks
sound pattern identification
discrimination

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26
Q

CAP information is carries from the _______ through several ______ ______, which analyze and process the _________, _______, and _______ aspects of the sound

A

cochlea
several relay centers
temporal
spectral
positional

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27
Q

In each nucleus LF are represented _____ and ______ and HF are represented _______ and ______

A

anteriorly and ventrally
posterior and dorsal

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28
Q

Anterior branch to the AVCN is responsible for the _______ _______ ______ ______ which runs in the ______ _______ stria

A

ventral binaural sound LOCALIZATION stream (path)
ventral acoustic

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29
Q

the posterior branch to the PVCN is responsible for ______ _______ _______ _______

A

dorsal sound IDENTIFICATION path

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30
Q

the branch to the DCN is involved in both _______ ________ and _______ _______

A

sound identification
and vertical localization

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31
Q

The ventral stream goes through the _______ _____ on the ventral surface of the ________ with its axons projecting mainly on the ______ _______ ______ ______

A

trapezoid body
ventral surface of the brainstem
superior olivary complex nuclei

32
Q

the dorsal stream projects to the ________ nuclei of the _______ ______ and ______ _______ which are involved mainly in the complex analysis of auditory stimulation

A

contralateral
LL
IC

33
Q

cells may also have _________ and ________ inputs

A

excitatory and inhibitory

34
Q

the AVCN has mainly ________ and _________ ______ cells

A

spherical and globular bushy cells

35
Q

spherical bushy cells are crucial in representing _______ information

A

timing

36
Q

Globular bushy cells have a ______ number of ______, so they tend to fire at _______ ______

A

large
inputs
stimulus onset

37
Q

______ cells respond to a wide ______ range and have a strong ________ ______. which provides information about ________ _________ in complex stimuli such as speech

A

octopus cells
frequency
onset response
temporal fluctuations

38
Q

______ cells fire repeatedly at rates unrealted to stimulus phase, and are known as ______ cells

A

stellate
chopper

39
Q

______ cells receive inputs from ______ nerve fibers and _________

A

fusiform (pyramidal)
VIII
interneurons

40
Q

Three major nuclei associated with hearing in the SOC

A

LSO
MSO
MNTB

41
Q

LSO ______ at the 2 ears are compared

A

intensities

42
Q

MSO ____ at the 2 ears is compared

A

timing

43
Q

LSO receives ______ _____ input from the ipsilateral ______ _____ _____ ______ and _______ input from the adjacent MNTB from cells in the contralateral AVCN

A

direct excitatory
AVCN
inhibitory

44
Q

MSO most cells are _ _

A

EE

45
Q

LSO also sends projections to the ______ nuclei of the ______ and ______ nerves involved in _______ reflex

A

motor
facial and trigeminal nerves
acoustic

46
Q

Acoustic reflex involves contraction of the ______ in response to sounds of approximately ______ dB SPL

A

stapedius
85

47
Q

the stapedius is attaches _____ to the neck of the stapes and is innervated by a branch of the _______ nerve

A

posteriorly
VII

48
Q

tensor tympani has a small contribution in humans but it is innervated by nerve ____

A

V

49
Q

the LL tract contains fibers from the ________ CN and the ______ SOC as they travel to the IC (midbrain) although some will bypass altogether it also contains ________ fibers

A

contralateral
ipsilateral
descending

50
Q

The LL contains two major nuclei

A

Ventral (VNLL)
Dorsal (DNLL)

51
Q

VNLL is concerned with _______ sound ________

A

monaural
identification

52
Q

DNLL is concerned with ______ sound _______

A

binaural
localization

53
Q

the IC integrates sound ________ and sound ______

A

identification
localization

54
Q

What are the three nuclei of the IC

which one is the main auditory input?

A

Central (ICC)
external (lateral) cortex
Dorsal cortex

Central

55
Q

the lemniscal path is _________ organized and responsive to the features of _______

A

tonotopically
sound

56
Q

the non-lemniscal path integrates the _______ and _______-______ inputs

A

auditory
non-auditory

57
Q

the central nucleus of the IC is concerned with ______ _______ but also with _______ _______

A

spatial analysis
temporal processing

58
Q

the external and dornal nuclei of the IC are not firmly establsihed but they are involved in _______ _____ responses to ______ and the dorsal nucleus is likely involved in ________ sound __________

A

spatial reflex
sound
vertical sound localization

59
Q

the MGB is the last relay in the ascending path before the cortex it receives ______ from the _____ and projects to the ________cortex

A

afferents
IC
auditory

60
Q

The MGB has three divisions _____, _____, and ______. the main specific auditory one is ______

A

dorsal
medial
ventral being the main division

61
Q

the MGB contributes greatly to sound __________ and to ______ level sound analysis

A

localization
higher

62
Q

studies with MGB lesions are limited but suggest that contralateral ear effects will be seen on _______ listening tasks

A

dichotic

63
Q

AC is located on the _________ surface of the ______ _______ _______ knows as _______ gyrus seep within the ______ ______ (______ fissure)

A

superior surface of the superior temporal gyrus known as heschls gyrus

lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure)

64
Q

the AC receives inputs from the ________ division of the MGB running through the _________ capsule its surrounded by the _____ and ______ areas, which receive inputs from the ________-_____ areas (medial and dorsal divisions) of the MGB

A

ventral
internal
belt
parabelt
non-lemniscal

65
Q

the _______ capsule is critical to ______ ______ ______

A

internal
central auditory processing

66
Q

AC the what information heads _______ while the what and where information heads _______

A

anteriorly
posteriorly

67
Q

the cortex has ___ layers the ___ layer doesn’t have _____ neurons

A

6
1
auditory

68
Q

the cortex includes ______, _______, _______ cells

A

pyramidal, fusiform, stellate

69
Q

neurons in the AC have a variety of responses in terms of ______, ______ ______, _______, and ______ __ ______

A

tuning
timing
intensity coding
location of source

70
Q

the insula is part of the ______ ______ that is deep within the _______ sulcus it connects both the ______ ______ and _________ areas

A

cerebral cortex
primary auditory
association

71
Q

the insula is involved in a variety of auditory activities including _________ _______, _______ ______, and ________-_______ integration

A

temporal processing
speech processing
auditory-visual

72
Q

the CC is a ______ _____ tract connecting the ______ ______ _____

A

large fiber
two cerebral hemispheres

73
Q

the fibers in the CC are _______-

A

myelinated, which means the structure continues to develop in childhood

74
Q

the CC has both _______ and _______ fiber types

A

homolateral and heterolateral

75
Q

most of the auditory fibers cross in a section know as the ____

A

sulcus

76
Q

APD Difficulties?

A

localization
lateralization
temporal processing
speech recognition in noise
recognition of degraded speech
dichotic listening

CANS quiz (2 decks)

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