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BOT 380 > Cannabis II > Flashcards

Cannabis II Flashcards

1
Q

Cannabis Sativa (hemp) - plant stems

A
  • source of fiber
  • rope and canvas cloth
  • bast fibers
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2
Q

Cannabis Sativa (hemp) - seeds

A
  • rich in oil, low in psychoactive chemicals
  • soaps, lamp oil, paint base
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3
Q

History of Cannabis Sativa

A
  • traditional medicine
  • leaves and seeds : pain relief, sleep induction, soothing agent for nervous disorders
  • root: Medieval Europe, gout, ground-up root mixed with oil and butter, salve to treat burns
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4
Q

Psychoactive Nature of Cannabis (old world)

A
  • smoking cannabis
  • ancient practice
  • China: pre-christian era = liberator of sin, post-christian= delight giver
  • hindu culture: heavenly guide, soother of grief
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5
Q

Cannabis Sativa

A
  • psychoactive
  • sub-variety Cannabis sativa L. - hemp - no medicinal properties
  • annotated by Carl Linnaeus
  • invigorating, uplifiting cerebral effects
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6
Q

Cannabis indica

A
  • annotated by French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
  • physically sedating, relaxing
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7
Q

Cannabis ruderalis

A
  • annotated by Russian botanist D.E. Janischevisky
  • rare
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8
Q

Production of Cannabinoids

A
  • major psychoactive ingredients
  • lipid-soluble phenolic compounds
  • could be referred to as Terpenophenolics
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9
Q

Cannabinoids (how many in Cannabis)

A
  • over 113 identified in Cannabis
  • 11 are related to THC
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10
Q

Nabilone

A
  • synthetic cannabinoid
  • mimics THC
  • therapeutic use: antiemetic, analgesic for neuropathic pain
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11
Q

Tetrahydrocannabinol

A
  • THC
  • concentrated in resin of plant
  • major location is in flowering tops and very young leaves (in sub epidermal cells of these tissues)
  • less in mature leaves
  • even less in fibrous stalks and mature seeds
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12
Q

First Approach in Consumption

A
  • resin harvesting : several approaches, evolved in India
  • pure resin: removed from surface of young leaves and flowers (high potency and THC content)
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13
Q

Second Approach in Consumption

A
  • plants with unfertilized female flowers (tops are collected)
  • male plants removed before pollen production (female plants are not fertilized)
  • female plant diverts energy into seed production
  • plant material is dried (ganja- india, Sinsemilla-mexico, marijuana - USA)
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14
Q

Third approach in Consumption

A
  • remaining plant material after tops have been harvested
  • dried, ground into a powder
  • bhang (India, low grade < 1% THC)
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15
Q

Bhang

A
  • often added to drinks or candies
  • india, used during religious festivals
  • added to milkshakes
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16
Q

What year is THC isolated and synthesized

A

1964

17
Q

Absorption and metabolism of THC

A
  • THC rapidly absorbed into blood (first reaches brain then redistributes to rest of body)
    THC is metabolized in liver
18
Q

Physiological effects of THC on CNS

A
  • alters the electrical properties of nerve membranes
  • alters turnover rates of serotonin and dopamine
  • affects prostaglandin synthesis
19
Q

The Cannabis High

A
  • initial effect: mild tension or anxiety
  • followed by pleasant feeling of wellbeing
  • user can become introspective and tranquil
  • can experience rapid mood changes
  • moments of hilarity followed by periods of contemplative silence
20
Q

Optimum Quantities to achieve state of euphoria vs. hallucinogenic effects

A
  • state of euphoria: 25-50ug/kilo body weight THC
  • hallucinogenic effects:200-250 ug/kilo body weight THC
21
Q

Medicinal Uses of THC

A
  • neuralgia
  • mental depression
  • rheumatism
  • control epileptic seizures
  • control epileptic seizures
  • types of glaucoma
  • also controls nausea caused by radiation therapy and chemotherapy
22
Q

What two drugs are used to control nausea by radiation therapy and chemotherapy

A
  • marinol (2.5-10 mg of THC)
  • nabilone (contains a THC analogue - Eli Lilly)
23
Q

Why does THC have medicinal effects?

A

Endocannabinoids
- anandamide (AEA)
- 2-arachidonoglycerol (2-AG)

24
Q

Anandamide (AEA)

A
  • endogenous cannabinoid NT
  • is synthesized form N-arachidonoyl phosphatidyethanolamine by multiple pathways
  • is degraded primarily by the fatty acid FAAH
  • converts anandamide into ethanolamine and aracadonic acid
  • inhibitors of FAAH lead to elevatid anandamide levels
25
Q

2- arachidonoglycerol (2-AG)

A
  • endocannbinoid
  • endogenous agonist of CB1 receptor
  • is an ester formed from the arachidonic acid and glycerol
26
Q

What physiological processes does the endocannabinoid system?

A

pain modulation, memory, and appetite plus anti-inflammatory effects and other immune system responses

27
Q

CB1 receptors

A

are primarily found in the brain and CNS

28
Q

CBD

A
  • does not directly “fit”
  • CB1 or CB2 receptors bet powerful indirect effects still being studied
29
Q

CB2

A
  • CB2 receptors are mostly in the perepheral organs especially cells associated with the immune system
30
Q
A

BOT 380 (17 decks)

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