Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRD) Flashcards
What are the viruses involved in CIRDC?
Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV)—> adenovirus, herpesvirus, distemper, coronavirus, influenza, pneumovirus
What are the bacteria involved in CIRDC?
Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma cynos, and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus.
Additional information: Bacterial infections can complicate CIRDC and lead to pneumonia.
What are the routes of transmission for CIRDC?
Oronasal exposure through direct contact with respiratory secretions, inhalation of aerosolized droplets, contact with contaminated objects, and CHV-1 through genital secretions and transplacentally.
Example sentence: CHV-1 can be transmitted from mother to puppies during gestation.
What are the risk factors for CIRDC?
Exposure to large numbers of dogs (shelters, boarding facilities, daycare, dog parks, dog shows, breeding facilities, veterinary clinics), overcrowding, poor ventilation, stress, and immunosuppression.
Example sentence: Dogs in high-density environments are at increased risk for CIRDC.
How can transmission of CIRDC be prevented?
Adequate space, proper ventilation, good hygiene, isolation of infected animals, minimizing stress, and vaccination.
Additional information: Vaccination is a key preventive measure against CIRDC.
What organ systems and tissues are most commonly affected by CIRDC?
Upper respiratory tract (nasal cavities, sinuses, trachea, bronchi)
URT becomes susceptible to secondary (usually bacterial) infections b/c mucocilliary clearance is hindered
Severe cases, the lower respiratory tract (bronchitis, bronchopneumonia). Seen with CIV and Strep Zooepi
Example sentence: Severe cases of CIRDC can progress to pneumonia.
What are the common clinical signs of CIRDC?
Acute cough (often loud, harsh, and non-productive), stertor, gagging, nasal discharge, fever, mucopurulent nasal/ocular discharge, abnormal lung sounds, tachypnea, dyspnea, dehydration.
Example sentence: Dogs with CIRDC may exhibit signs of respiratory distress.
How is a diagnosis of CIRDC achieved?
Based on history and clinical signs. Additional testing like thoracic radiographs, respiratory PCR panels, CBC, and fecal testing may be performed if needed.
Additional information: Diagnostic testing helps confirm the presence of CIRDC.
What are the treatment strategies for uncomplicated CIRDC?
Cough suppressants (unless cough is very productive), isolation, rest, minimizing stress, avoiding neck leads, and antibiotics (doxycycline)
if a bacterial component is suspected.
Example sentence: Symptomatic treatment can help manage uncomplicated cases of CIRDC.
What additional treatments are needed for complicated CIRDC or pneumonia?
Antibiotics (as per pneumonia treatment guidelines), oxygen therapy, fluid therapy, and isolation due to high contagion.
Additional information: Complicated cases of CIRDC may require intensive care.
What is the prognosis for uncomplicated CIRDC?
Generally good, with cough usually resolving within 10 days.
Example sentence: Dogs with uncomplicated CIRDC tend to recover well with appropriate treatment.
Explain the role of vaccination in CIRDC.
Vaccination prior to exposure can reduce the severity of clinical signs or prevent infection. It is recommended for dogs exposed to high-risk environments and should be administered at least 7 days before anticipated exposure.
Example sentence: Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing CIRDC outbreaks.
How long can Bordetella bronchiseptica shedding occur after coughing resolves?
Shedding can occur for 3-4 weeks after coughing has resolved.
Additional information: Dogs may still shed the bacteria even after clinical signs have resolved.
Why is minimizing stress important in preventing CIRDC outbreaks?
Stress can weaken the immune system, making dogs more susceptible to infection and exacerbating the severity of disease.
Additional information: Stress management is essential for maintaining overall health and preventing disease.
What is the incubation period for CIRDC?
3-10 days.
Example sentence: The short incubation period of CIRDC allows for rapid transmission in dog populations.
