Canine Forelimb Flashcards
How many heads does the deep digital flexor have?
There are 3 heads. They are named the humeral, radial and ulnar heads.
Which extrinsic forelimb muscles are innervated by the accessory nerve?
Trapezius, omotransversarius, brachiocephalicus
Besides the accessory nerve, what else is the brachiocephalicus innervated by?
axillary nerve caudally
What is the origin and insertion of the trapezius muscle?
O: 2nd cervical vertebrae to 9th thoracic vertebrae
I: scapula spine
What is the origin and insertion of the omotransversarius?
O: atlas
I: acromion of scapula
What is the origin and insertion of the brachiocephalicus?
O: cervical vertebrae, mastoid process (depending)
I: humerus
What is the origin and insertion of the Latissimus dorsi?
O: thoracolumbar fascia
I: teres tuberosity (humerus)
What innervated the latissimus dorsi?
thoraco dorsal nerve from the brachial plexus
Where does the pectoralis descendens insert and originate?
O: sternum
I: humeral crest (distal to deltoid tuberosity)
Innervation of the superficial and deep pectoral muscles?
cranial pectoral nerves (brachial plexus)
Origin and Insertion of the pectoralis transversarius?
O: sternum
I: humerus (in some species continues distally to insert below elbow joint IE larger species)
Origin and insertion of the sternocephalicus?
O: manubrium
I: angle of the mandible and/or mastoid process of skull
Innervation of the sternocephalicus?
axillary nerve
Origin and insertion of the sternohyoideus
O: manubrium
I: basihyoid
Origin and insertion of the sternothyroideus?
O: manubrium
I: lateral aspect of thyroid cartilage
Origin and insertion of the omohyoideus?
O: subscapula fascia
I: lateral margin of sternohyoideus
What tendons help to stabilize the shoulder joint?
infraspinatus, supraspinatus, biceps brachii, subscapularis, coracobrachialis
what are the ligaments of the elbow joint?
lateral collateral and medial collateral ligaments, oblique ligament and annular ligament
what joints does the carpal joint consist of?
antebrachiocarpal
midcarpal
carpometacarpal
What degree of movement is permitted at the carpus?
antebrachiocarpal: 90 degrees
mid carpal: 45 degrees
carpometacarpal: virtually nothing
What ligaments are present at the carpal joint?
medial and lateral collateral ligaments
deep ligament (buries evenness)
transverse ligament (carpal canal)
distal ligaments of accessory carpal (prevent over extension)
What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the supraspinatus?
O: suprascapularis fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
Inn: suprascapular nerve (brachial plexus)
Origin, insertion and innervation of infraspinatus?
O: infraspinous fossa
I: lateral face of greater tubercle
Inn: suprascapular nerve (brachial plexus)
Origin, insertion and innervation of the subscapularis?
O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
Inn: subscapular nerve (brachial plexus)
Coracobrachialis origin, insertion and innervation?
O: supraglenoid tubercle
I: proximal humerus
Inn: musculocutaneous nerve (brachial plexus)
Origin, insertion and innervation of the deltoideus?
O: scapular spine (spinous head), acromion (Acromion head)
I: deltoid tuberosity
Inn: axillary nerve (brachial plexus)
Origin, insertion and innervation of teres major?
O:caudal border of scapula
I: teres tuberosity
Inn: thoracodorsal and subscapular nerve
Origin, insertion and innervation of teres minor?
O: lateral border scapula
I: Greater tubercle humerus
Inn: axillary (brachial plexus)
Origin, insertion and innervation of the triceps brachii?
O: caudal border scapula (long head), humeral shaft (lateral, medial and accessory)
I: olecranon process
Inn: radial nerve
Origin, insertion and innervation of the tensor fascia antebrachii?
O: lateral aspect latissimus dorsi
I: olecranon
Inn: radial nerve
Anconeus origin, insertion and innervation?
O: distal humerus
I: lateral face olecranon
Inn: radial nerve
Biceps brachii insertion, origin and innervation?
O: supraglenoid tubercle
I: proximal radius (medial tuberosity) and ulna
Inn: musculocutaneous
Origin, insertion and innervation of the brachialis?
O: proximocaudal border humerus, winding laterally in spiral groove of humerus
I: next to biceps brachii
Inn: musculocutaneous
Origin, insertion and innervation of the brachioradialis (long supinator)?
O: lateral epicondyle humerus
I: distal medial surface within superficial fascia
Inn: radial nerve
Origin, insertion and innervation of short supinator?
O: lateral humeral epicondyle
I: medial border radius
Inn: radial nerve
Origin, insertion and innervation for the pronator teres?
O: medial epicondyle humerus
Insertion: converges with insertion of supinator on radius
Inn: median nerve
Origin, insertion and innervation of pronator quadratus?
O + I: shaft of radius and ulna bridging interrosseus space
Inn: median nerve
What is the innervation of the extensors of the carpus and digits?
Radial nerve
What is the innervation of the flexors of the carpus and digits?
median and/or ulna nerve
Origin and insertion of the ECR?
O: lateral epicondyle (humerus)
I: metacarpal 2, 3
Origin and insertion of the ECU (ulnaris lateralis)?
O: lateral epicondyle humerus
I: metacarpal 5
Origin and insertion of the common digital extensor?
O:lateral epicondyle humerus
I: extensor tubercle of P3 (digits 2 to 5)
Origin and insertion of the lateral digital extensor?
O: lateral epicondyle
I: proximal P2 and P3 (3 to 5)
Origin and insertion of the abductor pollicis longus?
O: radial and ulnar shafts
I: digit 1 (thumb)
Origin, innervation and Insertion of the FCR?
O: medial humeral epicondyle
I: metacarpal 2 to 3
Inn: median nerve
Origin, Insertion and innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
O: ulna head (olecranon), humeral head (medial epicondyle)
I: accessory carpal
Inn: ulna nerve
Origin, insertion and innervation of SDF?
O: medial humeral epicondyle
I: middle phalanx (digits 2 to 5)
Inn: median nerve
Origin, insertion and innervation of the DDF?
O: medial humeral epicondyle (humeral head), ulna (ulna head), radius (radial head).
I: distal phalanx (2 to 5)
Inn: median and ulna
Origin, insertion and innervation of the brachioradialis (supinator)?
O: lateral humeral epicondyle
I: medial border radius
Inn: radial nerve
Origin, insertion and innervation of the pronator teres muscle?
O: medial epicondyle humerus
I: dorsal radius (medial)
Inn: median nerve
