Canine Forelimb

Question 1

How many heads does the deep digital flexor have?

Answer 1

There are 3 heads. They are named the humeral, radial and ulnar heads.

Question 2

Which extrinsic forelimb muscles are innervated by the accessory nerve?

Answer 2

Trapezius, omotransversarius, brachiocephalicus

Question 3

Besides the accessory nerve, what else is the brachiocephalicus innervated by?

Answer 3

axillary nerve caudally

Question 4

What is the origin and insertion of the trapezius muscle?

Answer 4

O: 2nd cervical vertebrae to 9th thoracic vertebrae
I: scapula spine

Question 5

What is the origin and insertion of the omotransversarius?

Answer 5

O: atlas
I: acromion of scapula

Question 6

What is the origin and insertion of the brachiocephalicus?

Answer 6

O: cervical vertebrae, mastoid process (depending)
I: humerus

Question 7

What is the origin and insertion of the Latissimus dorsi?

Answer 7

O: thoracolumbar fascia
I: teres tuberosity (humerus)

Question 8

What innervated the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 8

thoraco dorsal nerve from the brachial plexus

Question 9

Where does the pectoralis descendens insert and originate?

Answer 9

O: sternum
I: humeral crest (distal to deltoid tuberosity)

Question 10

Innervation of the superficial and deep pectoral muscles?

Answer 10

cranial pectoral nerves (brachial plexus)

Question 11

Origin and Insertion of the pectoralis transversarius?

Answer 11

O: sternum
I: humerus (in some species continues distally to insert below elbow joint IE larger species)

Question 12

Origin and insertion of the sternocephalicus?

Answer 12

O: manubrium
I: angle of the mandible and/or mastoid process of skull

Question 13

Innervation of the sternocephalicus?

Answer 13

axillary nerve

Question 14

Origin and insertion of the sternohyoideus

Answer 14

O: manubrium
I: basihyoid

Question 15

Origin and insertion of the sternothyroideus?

Answer 15

O: manubrium
I: lateral aspect of thyroid cartilage

Question 16

Origin and insertion of the omohyoideus?

Answer 16

O: subscapula fascia
I: lateral margin of sternohyoideus

Question 17

What tendons help to stabilize the shoulder joint?

Answer 17

infraspinatus, supraspinatus, biceps brachii, subscapularis, coracobrachialis

Question 18

what are the ligaments of the elbow joint?

Answer 18

lateral collateral and medial collateral ligaments, oblique ligament and annular ligament

Question 19

what joints does the carpal joint consist of?

Answer 19

antebrachiocarpal
midcarpal
carpometacarpal

Question 20

What degree of movement is permitted at the carpus?

Answer 20

antebrachiocarpal: 90 degrees
mid carpal: 45 degrees
carpometacarpal: virtually nothing

Question 21

What ligaments are present at the carpal joint?

Answer 21

medial and lateral collateral ligaments
deep ligament (buries evenness)
transverse ligament (carpal canal)
distal ligaments of accessory carpal (prevent over extension)

Question 22

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the supraspinatus?

Answer 22

O: suprascapularis fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
Inn: suprascapular nerve (brachial plexus)

Question 23

Origin, insertion and innervation of infraspinatus?

Answer 23

O: infraspinous fossa
I: lateral face of greater tubercle
Inn: suprascapular nerve (brachial plexus)

Question 24

Origin, insertion and innervation of the subscapularis?

Answer 24

O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
Inn: subscapular nerve (brachial plexus)

Question 25

Coracobrachialis origin, insertion and innervation?

Answer 25

O: supraglenoid tubercle I: proximal humerus Inn: musculocutaneous nerve (brachial plexus)

Question 26

Origin, insertion and innervation of the deltoideus?

Answer 26

O: scapular spine (spinous head), acromion (Acromion head) I: deltoid tuberosity Inn: axillary nerve (brachial plexus)

Question 27

Origin, insertion and innervation of teres major?

Answer 27

O:caudal border of scapula I: teres tuberosity Inn: thoracodorsal and subscapular nerve

Question 28

Origin, insertion and innervation of teres minor?

Answer 28

O: lateral border scapula I: Greater tubercle humerus Inn: axillary (brachial plexus)

Question 29

Origin, insertion and innervation of the triceps brachii?

Answer 29

O: caudal border scapula (long head), humeral shaft (lateral, medial and accessory) I: olecranon process Inn: radial nerve

Question 30

Origin, insertion and innervation of the tensor fascia antebrachii?

Answer 30

O: lateral aspect latissimus dorsi I: olecranon Inn: radial nerve

Question 31

Anconeus origin, insertion and innervation?

Answer 31

O: distal humerus I: lateral face olecranon Inn: radial nerve

Question 32

Biceps brachii insertion, origin and innervation?

Answer 32

O: supraglenoid tubercle I: proximal radius (medial tuberosity) and ulna Inn: musculocutaneous

Question 33

Origin, insertion and innervation of the brachialis?

Answer 33

O: proximocaudal border humerus, winding laterally in spiral groove of humerus I: next to biceps brachii Inn: musculocutaneous

Question 34

Origin, insertion and innervation of the brachioradialis (long supinator)?

Answer 34

O: lateral epicondyle humerus I: distal medial surface within superficial fascia Inn: radial nerve

Question 35

Origin, insertion and innervation of short supinator?

Answer 35

O: lateral humeral epicondyle I: medial border radius Inn: radial nerve

Question 36

Origin, insertion and innervation for the pronator teres?

Answer 36

O: medial epicondyle humerus Insertion: converges with insertion of supinator on radius Inn: median nerve

Question 37

Origin, insertion and innervation of pronator quadratus?

Answer 37

O + I: shaft of radius and ulna bridging interrosseus space | Inn: median nerve

Question 38

What is the innervation of the extensors of the carpus and digits?

Answer 38

Radial nerve

Question 39

What is the innervation of the flexors of the carpus and digits?

Answer 39

median and/or ulna nerve

Question 40

Origin and insertion of the ECR?

Answer 40

O: lateral epicondyle (humerus) I: metacarpal 2, 3

Question 41

Origin and insertion of the ECU (ulnaris lateralis)?

Answer 41

O: lateral epicondyle humerus I: metacarpal 5

Question 42

Origin and insertion of the common digital extensor?

Answer 42

O:lateral epicondyle humerus I: extensor tubercle of P3 (digits 2 to 5)

Question 43

Origin and insertion of the lateral digital extensor?

Answer 43

O: lateral epicondyle I: proximal P2 and P3 (3 to 5)

Question 44

Origin and insertion of the abductor pollicis longus?

Answer 44

O: radial and ulnar shafts I: digit 1 (thumb)

Question 45

Origin, innervation and Insertion of the FCR?

Answer 45

O: medial humeral epicondyle I: metacarpal 2 to 3 Inn: median nerve

Question 46

Origin, Insertion and innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 46

O: ulna head (olecranon), humeral head (medial epicondyle) I: accessory carpal Inn: ulna nerve

Question 47

Origin, insertion and innervation of SDF?

Answer 47

O: medial humeral epicondyle I: middle phalanx (digits 2 to 5) Inn: median nerve

Question 48

Origin, insertion and innervation of the DDF?

Answer 48

O: medial humeral epicondyle (humeral head), ulna (ulna head), radius (radial head). I: distal phalanx (2 to 5) Inn: median and ulna

Question 49

Origin, insertion and innervation of the brachioradialis (supinator)?

Answer 49

O: lateral humeral epicondyle I: medial border radius Inn: radial nerve

Question 50

Origin, insertion and innervation of the pronator teres muscle?

Answer 50

O: medial epicondyle humerus I: dorsal radius (medial) Inn: median nerve