Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What is the function of the somatic nervous system and what are its characteristics?

Answer 1

control of voluntary movement and posture

responses faster than autonomic system

precise, reliable control of skeletal muscle

Question 2

How many neurons comprise the somatic nervous system and how many times will it synapse before reaching the effector muscle?

Answer 2

1 neuron –> synapses at the site of the effector muscle

Question 3

Which features of the somatic nervous system allow for its precision?

Answer 3

each muscle fiber innervated by a single motor neuron

rapid break down of transmitter

Question 4

Which features of the somatic nervous system allow for its realiability and speed?

Answer 4

high density ionotropic receptors

always excitatory

Question 5

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 5

coordination of homeostasis via the regulation of multiple body systems

Question 6

Which features of the autonomic nervous system (parasympathetic and sympathetic) are responsible for the lack of specificity?

Answer 6

varcosities

divergence: preganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse on multiple post ganglionic sympathetic neurons

Question 7

Which features of the autonomic nervous system causes it to provide slower responses compared to the the somatic nervous system?

Answer 7

metabotropic receptors

Question 8

What is the involvement of the adrenal gland in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 8

amplifies the coordination, widespread and prolonged effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 9

How are the signals of the autonomic nervous system amplified?

Answer 9

metabotropic receptors

adrenal gland

Question 10

How are the preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system different to the sympathetic division?

Answer 10

parasympathetic: long preganglionic neurons synapse near or in target organ
sympathetic: short preganglionic synapses close to spinal cord

Question 11

What is the functional purpose of short preganglionic neuron s in the sympathetic nervous history?

Answer 11

enables sympathetic control of post ganglionic neurons projecting to diverse targets

Question 12

Where does the sympathetic division originate?

Answer 12

thoracolumbar spinal cord (T1 to L3/4)

Question 13

Where does the parasympathetic nervous system originate?

Answer 13

parasympathetic nuclei of CN 3, 7, 9,and 10 and the sacral spinal cord (S1 to S3)

Question 14

What is the function of the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 14

The pterygopalatine ganglion supplies the lacrimal gland, paranasal sinuses, glands of the mucosa of the nasal cavity and pharynx, and the mucous membrane and glands of the hard palate.

Question 15

what is the function of the parasympathetic nucleus 3?

Answer 15

innervation of the ciliary bodies of the eye

Question 16

What is the function of the mandibular and otic ganglion?

Answer 16

innervation of salivary glands

Question 17

What does the vagus nerve innervate?

Answer 17

lungs
heart
liver
esophagus
stomach
small intestine 
pancreas
kidneys

Question 18

What is the origin of the pelvic nerve?

Answer 18

S2 and S3

S1 to S3 in cats

Question 19

What does the pelvic plexus innervate?

Answer 19

colon and rectum
urinary bladder
reproductive organs
external genitalia

Question 20

What is the function of the gray ramus communicans and white ramus communicans?

Answer 20

creates a connection between the spinal nerve and sympathetic trunk

Question 21

What are the main neurotrasnmitters of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 21

epinephrine

norepinephrine

Question 22

What are the receptors of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 22

adrenergic receptors:
a1, a2,
B1, B2, B3

cholinergic receptors in skeletal muscle:
ACh

Question 23

Where are sympathetic cholinergic receptors located?

Answer 23

skeletal muscle

Question 24

Where are parasympathetic ACh receptors located?

Answer 24

M2, M3: …