Canine/Feline - Insects and Protozoa - Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Insects - characteristics?
A
Arthropods –> Include: Flies, lice, fleas, more
- 3 pairs of legs
- body divided into head, distinct thorax, and abdomen
- single pair of antennae
2
Q
Life cycle of a fly
A
E-L-P-A
egg, larvae (instar), puparium, adult
3
Q
Cuterebra spp
A
- Dipera - fly
- rodent/rabbit bot fly, new world skin bot flies
- rabbit/rodent - dog, cat, squirrel, chipmunk
- adults are large, stout, do not feed, vestigial mouthpart
- subQ connective tissue of C/D in Aug-Oct
- larvae can be in nasal and oral regions –> brain
- fibrotic cyst in subQ, infarction and ischemic encephalopathy in felines
- lump in neck or legs, fur consistently wet, hole dripping clear fluid
- color and spines of 3rd larval stage - remove with forceps, tissue will be susceptible for bacterial infection
- wound heals slowly - secondary infection or leakage of Cuterebra antigens
- MCL heartworm prevention, imidacloprid and fipronil - not approved
4
Q
Culicidae
A
- mosquito
- family has 3450 species from genera Aedes, Anopheles, Culex
- 1 pair of wings and 1 pair of halteres
- legs are long, thin
- complex mouthpart forms long proboscis which projects forward into a thin tube
- antennae as long as proboscis
- palps may be short or long
- transmit diseases and pathogens
- domestic animals: Rift Valley fever, equine ecephalitis, heartworm, filarial nematodes, biting stress
- humans: malaria, filariasis, yellow fever, dengue, encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, biting stress
5
Q
Trichodectes canis
A
- dog biting louse/canine chewing louse
- ALL lice are host specific –> canine
- adult: wingless, 1.9mm, head broad/er than thorax, yellowish biting mouthparts
- eggs/nits are operculate/elongated, whitish
- egg–>adult within 1 month, eggs–>nymphs–>3 molts–>adult
- hair, skin, edge of ear
- vector is Diphylidium caninum, heavy infestations
- pruritus, loss of hair, anemia, restless and consistently scratch
- springer and cocker spaniels, afghans are predisposed
- direct contact transmission
- carbaryl containing shampoo, spray or dip.
6
Q
Linognathus setosus
A
- dog sucking louse
- A- wingless, 3-5 mm, dorsoventrally flat, head narrow to thorax, sucking mouthparts
- LC- females attach eggs ‘nits’ to hair, 3 molts - egg, nymph, nymph, nymph, adult (ENNNA) - 2-4 wks
- require host to complete LC - N-A can live off host for a few hours
- skin
- anemia w heavy infestation
- skin damage and loss of condition
- direct contact with brushes, combs, blankets
- insecticides - carbaryl shampoo, spray, dip
7
Q
Ctenocephalides canis/felis
A
- Dog/cat flea
- A- brown, wingless 3 mm long, laterally compressed body, long legs
- L - worm like, 5 mm, body segmented, chewing mouthparts
- E - white, oval 0.5mm
- LC - 1-2 yrs. Adults are parasitic, eggs laid on host –> environment –> 3 larval –> pupa –> adult
- skin. back, ventral abd, inner thighs
- dermatitis, pruritus, alopecia, anemia
- fleas, flea feces, blood on host and in bedding
8
Q
Reduiidae - Assassin/kissing bugs
Cimicidae - bed bugs
A
- animals and humans
- R is painful, pierce and suck blood, allergic rxn at site of bite
- C painless bite, pierce and suck blood, no disease trans, allergic rxn at site of bite
- C - 5-7mm and wingless and R - 18mm with 2 pairs of wings
- skin
- R transmit Trypanosaoma cruzi, cause of Chagas’ disease
- Nymph and A are bloodsuckers
- Txt - env must be unsuitable for survival
9
Q
Arachbida –> Acari –> Ixodidae
A
Ticks!
LC- depends on species of tick, env conditions, suitable hosts
Effects - suck blood, lesions from mouthparts –> other infections, transmit disease
10
Q
Ioxdes spp
A
- Black legged tick/deer tick,
- Mammals, birds, humans
- A unfed is 4mm, fed female 10mm
- 8 legs, long palps. 2x length of basis capituli
- LC - E–>larva–>nymph (3 stages/molts/hosts) –> young adult attaches to final host (2-4 years)
- skin - axilla, inguinal region, face, ears
- Paralysis, local skin rxns, trans Lyme disease and Ehrlichia
11
Q
Dermacentor spp
A
American dog tick, Rocky Mountain wood tick
- L&N - small rodent, A - dog, human, cattle, horse
- A - 6mm unfed, fed female 15mm, short palps, rectangular basis capituli
- 3 host LC
- skin around head and neck
- transmits Rock Mountain Spotted Fever in dogs and humans - from Rickettsia rickettsi - tularemia - Babesia - tick paralysis in dogs, cats, cattle
12
Q
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
A
Brown dog tick, kennel tick
- dog/cat/human
- unfed 5mm, fed f 12mm, short palps, basis cap - hexagonal
- three host tick - adapted to living indoors
- E–>A is 2 months, unfed a can survive 1+ yrs
- skin - between toes and ears, L & N - back of neck
- transmit Ehrlichia canis & Babesia canis.
- monthly topicals - must kill 90% within 48 hours, synthetic pyrethroids.
13
Q
Acari (mites)
A
- <1mm long, bodies are scaled, spined, setae (hairs), legs with claws and suckers
- burrow into host epidermis (sarcoptes, notoedres)
- non burrowing on skin surface (psoroptes, cheyletiella, chorioptes)
- restricted to an area of body (otodectes)
14
Q
Sarcoptes scabiei
A
- Sarcoptic mange mite, itch mite, scabies mite.
- All domestic animals and humans. Each has its own strain - host spec.
- Notoedres cati around head/ears in cats
- round, 500um, short legs w 2 anterior, female w suckers on long unsegmented stalks 1 and 2 (male on 1, 2, 4)
- F burrow and lay eggs in tunnels, hatch 3-5 days, larvae crawl on skin, “molting pockets,” nymphs & adults develop
- PPP is 17-21d
- skin (upper layers of epidermis)
- erythema, scale, crust formation
- hairless areas, lateral elbow and pinna, follicular papules, excoriations (scratch/abrasion of skin), pruritus
- skin scrape (scrape edges of abrasions as they migrate from center)
- MCLs, SubQ ivermectin
15
Q
Demodex canis/cati
A
- demodectic mang mite/follicle mite
- dogs/cats - c is rare
- long tapering body, 400um, 4 prs anterior stumpy legs
- F lay eggs in hair follicles, larvae and lymph at mouth of follicle, E –> A is 2-4 weeks, F to pup by direct contact 2-3d post partum
- hair follicle and sebaceous gland
- erthema and alopecia around eyes, mouth, bony projections of extremities. skin dry, coarse, erythematous (red mange) if hair loss expanses. Concomitant staphylococcal pyoderma, pustules, ooze
- deep skin scrape (but they are normal so tough to dx)
- rotenon ointment or benzyl benzoat daily, Amitraz
