canil et al

Question 1

what are the background of canil et al

Answer 1

we have 2 different scans
1- functional: shows activity level in different areas of the brain
2-structural scan: shows a detailed pic of the brain
canil et al found that strong amygdala activation results in improved memorization of the causing stimuli

Question 2

what are the aims of canil et al

Answer 2

to find out
1- whether emotive images will be better remembered than images that are less emotive
2- to find out if the amygdala is sensitive to varying levels of emotional intensity to external stimuli
3- and whether the level of emotional intensity would enhance the memory of the stimuli

Question 3

research method

Answer 3

laboratory experiment

Question 4

research design

Answer 4

repeated measure design

Question 5

sampling technique

Answer 5

self selecting sampling technique

Question 6

sampling technique

Answer 6

10 right handed female

Question 7

IV

Answer 7

level of arousal of each picture shown

Question 8

DV 1

Answer 8

the Fmri measure of amygdala activation for the 96 scenes shown

Question 9

DV 2

Answer 9

the memory of the scene after 3 weeks

Question 10

procedure

Answer 10

1- Participants viewed 96 scenes from the ‘International Affective Picture System’ stimuli set.
2- Scenes were presented randomly, each for 2.88 seconds, with a 12.96-second fixation cross interval.
3- Participants indicated their emotional arousal using one of four buttons.
4- fMRI data was collected by a 1.5 Tesla scanner.
5- Three weeks later, participants were tested in an unexpected recognition test with 96 scenes and 48 foils.
6- Foils were selected to match the valence rating of previous scenes.
7- Participants judged scenes as remembered, familiar, or forgotten.

Question 11

results

Answer 11

1- Correlation between intensity rating and valence was -0.66.
2- Correlation between intensity rating and arousal was 0.68.
3- Memory performance was better for highly emotionally intense scenes.
4- Left amygdala activation predicted subsequent memory.

Question 12

conclusion

Answer 12

1- Emotionally intense images are more likely to be remembered.
2- Activity in the left amygdala during encoding predicts subsequent memory.

Question 13

strength and weakness

Answer 13

1- Standardized procedures in a lab experiment led to interval validity.
2- Quantitative data collection increases reliability and comparability.
3- The task lacks ecological validity, but participants did not respond to demand characteristics, increasing validity.
4- fMRI measures biological responses objectively, reducing the need for interpretation.
5- the sample consisting only of right-handed females introduces participant variables that could distort results and reduce validity.

Question 14

ethical issues

Answer 14

1- Participants gave informed consent.
2- individuals operating the fMRI scanner were trained and competent in safety arrangements.

Question 15

Individual vs. Situational :

Answer 15

1-,Our tendency to cry at sad films suggests that situational factors influence emotional expression.
2- Individual factors also play a role, as not everyone cries at the same film.

Question 16

nature vs nurture

Answer 16

Biological processes underlying emotions are a product of the brain and hormones. However,
there are differences between individuals’ emotional responses. Differences can be due to
hormone levels or experiences.