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Microbiology and Oral Pathology > Candidosis > Flashcards

Candidosis Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the risk factors for developing candidiasis

A

immuno compromised
immunosuppressive drugs
advanced HIV infection
dialysis
diabetes
trauma patient
long term corticosteroid use

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2
Q

what are the 4 types of candia infection

A

pseudomembranous
erythematous
chronic hyperplastic candida leukoplakia
angular cheilitis

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3
Q

what is pseudomembranous candida

A

thrush
white pronounced plaques on mucosal surface

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4
Q

how do you remove pseudomembranous candida

A

scrape off

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5
Q

what is chronic hyperplastic candida leukoplakia

A

grows into the tissue and more sinister

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6
Q

how do you treat chronic hyperplastic candida leukoplakia

A

it needs to be tested for malignancy so biopsy and then long course of antifungals

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7
Q

what is angular cheilitis caused by

A

candida
can also be staph aureus

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8
Q

how is angular cheilitis treated

A

miconazole

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9
Q

what is a common erythematous candida

A

denture stomatitis

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10
Q

how does denture stomatitis occur

A

candida living in cracks of denture causing inflammation in mucosa as it is not removed from denture surface by cleaning

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11
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of denture stomatitis

A

inflamed mucosa
burning sensation
discomfort
bad taste
patient unaware

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12
Q

what are the 2 key candida

A

candida albicans
candida glabrata

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13
Q

what is the problem with candida glabrata

A

it is not sensitive to the azoles so needs nystatin to treat it

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14
Q

what type of candida can get treated by miconazole and fluconazole

A

candida albicans

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15
Q

what is morphogenesis

A

candida albicans can form hypha which pushes through tight junctions and goes into the blood stream when stressed

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16
Q

how does the yeast adhere and infect the mucosa

A

attaches to denture surface
forms germ tubes in short period
produces extracellular matrix
produces hydrolytic enzymes
facilitates adhesion to tissue

17
Q

what is a hydrolytic enzyme

A

enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of a substrate through the addition of water

18
Q

how is candida related to oral cancer

A

acetaldehyde drives DNA damage and it is present in yeast

19
Q

how would you take a sample of pseudomembranous candida

A

scan put straight onto a slide as you can scrape it off
oral rinse
swab

20
Q

what type of agar is different colours so you can tell which candida you have

A

chromogenic agar

21
Q

what do azoles do to candida

A

inhibits ability to be synthesised

22
Q

what is chlorhexidine used as

A

antiseptic as it is antibacterial and anticandidal

23
Q

how is candida glabrata resistant to azoles

A

it has azole resistant pumps which pushes the azole back out

24
Q

what is the dual resistance mechanism

A

candida lives alongside staph aureus which coats itself in candida polymers so candida becomes resistant to miconazole

Microbiology and Oral Pathology (6 decks)

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