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Bio Med > Cancer Unit > Flashcards

Cancer Unit Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What characteristics do all cancers have in common

A

genetic, environmental, age increases risk, can affect any organ/tissue

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2
Q

What is a proto-oncogene

A

Control cell division by telling the cell to divide

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3
Q

What happens when a proto-oncogene becomes an oncogene

A

the cell divides uncontrollably

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4
Q

What is a tumor-suppressor gene

A

control cell division by telling the cell to stop dividing

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5
Q

What is an x-ray used to see

A

broken bones, lung diseases, digestive system

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6
Q

How does an x-ray work

A

uses radiation

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7
Q

How does a CT scan work

A

uses multiple x-rays in a tube to produce cross-sectional views

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8
Q

What is a CT scan used to see

A

bone, soft tissue, organs

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9
Q

How does an MRI work

A

uses magnets to produce detailed cross-sectional views

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10
Q

What is an MRI used to see

A

soft tissue (typically to identify diseases)

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11
Q

How does a bone scan work

A

Radioactive tracers go into the body are absorbed by the bone and can be seen

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12
Q

What is a bone scan used to see

A

full skeletal view (identify bone growth)

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13
Q

What do DNA microarrays measure

A

the amount of genes turned off and on in cancer cells vs normal cells

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14
Q

What is used in a DNA microarray

A

mRNA from both cancer and normal cells

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15
Q

What does red mean in a DNA microarray

A

The genes are only expressed in cancer cells

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16
Q

What does yellow mean in a DNA microarray

A

The genes are expressed in both cancer and normal cells

17
Q

What does black mean in a DNA microarray

A

The gene is not expressed in either cancer or normal cells

18
Q

What does green mean in a DNA microarray

A

the genes are only expressed in normal cells

19
Q

What does the vibrancy of the color on a DNA microarray mean

A

it indicates the intensity of the gene expression

20
Q

What are biological risk factors

A

age, infections

21
Q

How do you reduce risk for biological risk factors

A

get screened often and get vaccinations

22
Q

What are genetic risk factors

A

mutated gene that was inherited from parents, hereditary/familial cancer

23
Q

What are environmental risk factors

A

pollution, UV radiation, radiation

24
Q

What are behavioral risk factors

A

red meat/food that increases risk of cancer, smoking, alcohol, not taking preventative measures

25
Q

Which is cheaper: genetic marker analysis or DNA sequencing

A

genetic marker analysis

26
Q

Where are genetic markers

A

located directly in front of a gene and very often passed on with the gene

27
Q

What are genetic markers

A

non-coding DNA in front of a gene that repeats any number of times

28
Q
A

Bio Med (2 decks)

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