Cancer Terminology Flashcards
Neoplasia
Means new growth
Monoclonal proliferation of cells to form a tumour/ mass
Growth exceeds stimulus and becomes autonomous
Are all neoplasms malignant?
No, some may be benign or malignant
Cancer
Malignant neoplasm
Hyperplasia
Increase in cell number,
proportionate to stimulus
Hypertrophy
Increase in cell size, proportionate
to stimulus
Choristoma
Tumour composed of normal cells/ tissues
present in an abnormal place
Hamartoma
tumour composed of disorganised growth of
different cell types normally present in that organ
Teratoma
tumour composed of derivatives of all 3 embryological layers (ectoderm, endoderm & mesoderm)
Dysplasia
‘abnormal growth’; may form a benign
neoplasm (e.g. adenoma); often a precursor of
malignant neoplasms
Classification of neoplasms
Biological Potential
Cell of origin
Can malignant neoplasms spread
yes they can
Can benign neoplasms spread
No they cannot
Benign Squamous Epithelium neoplasm
Squamous papilloma
Benign Glandular Epithelium neoplasm
Adenoma
Benign Transitional Epithelium neoplasm
Transitional Cell papilloma
Benign fat neoplasm
Lipoma
Benign vessel neoplasm
lymph/haemangioma
Benign nerve neoplasm
Neuroma
Benign bone neoplasm
Osteoma
Benign cartilage neoplasm
Chondroma
Benign smooth muscle neoplasm
leiomyoma
Benign skeletal muscle neoplasm
Rhabdomyoma
Malignant Plasma cells neoplasm
Myeloma
Malignant epithelium neoplasm
Carcinoma
Malignant mesenchyme neoplasm
Sarcoma
Malignant mature lymphocytes neoplasm
Lymphoma
Malignant primitive lymphoid/myeloid cells (Blasts) neoplasm
Leukaemia
Malignant mesothelium neoplasm
Mesothelioma
Malignant melanocytes neoplasm
Melanoma
Malignant germ calls neoplasm
Teratoma
Seminoma
Choriocarcinoma
How can you differentiate between benign and malignant neoplasms?
Clinical presentation (history, examination)
Macroscopic appearance
Microscopic appearance (histology)
Behaviour and prognosis
