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Cancer and Clinical Genetics > Cancer Terminology > Flashcards

Cancer Terminology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Neoplasia

A

Means new growth
Monoclonal proliferation of cells to form a tumour/ mass
Growth exceeds stimulus and becomes autonomous

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2
Q

Are all neoplasms malignant?

A

No, some may be benign or malignant

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3
Q

Cancer

A

Malignant neoplasm

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4
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in cell number,

proportionate to stimulus

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5
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in cell size, proportionate

to stimulus

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6
Q

Choristoma

A

Tumour composed of normal cells/ tissues

present in an abnormal place

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7
Q

Hamartoma

A

tumour composed of disorganised growth of

different cell types normally present in that organ

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8
Q

Teratoma

A 
tumour composed of derivatives of all 3
embryological layers (ectoderm, endoderm & mesoderm)
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9
Q

Dysplasia

A

‘abnormal growth’; may form a benign
neoplasm (e.g. adenoma); often a precursor of
malignant neoplasms

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10
Q

Classification of neoplasms

A

Biological Potential

Cell of origin

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11
Q

Can malignant neoplasms spread

A

yes they can

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12
Q

Can benign neoplasms spread

A

No they cannot

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13
Q

Benign Squamous Epithelium neoplasm

A

Squamous papilloma

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14
Q

Benign Glandular Epithelium neoplasm

A

Adenoma

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15
Q

Benign Transitional Epithelium neoplasm

A

Transitional Cell papilloma

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16
Q

Benign fat neoplasm

A

Lipoma

17
Q

Benign vessel neoplasm

A

lymph/haemangioma

18
Q

Benign nerve neoplasm

A

Neuroma

19
Q

Benign bone neoplasm

A

Osteoma

20
Q

Benign cartilage neoplasm

A

Chondroma

21
Q

Benign smooth muscle neoplasm

A

leiomyoma

22
Q

Benign skeletal muscle neoplasm

A

Rhabdomyoma

23
Q

Malignant Plasma cells neoplasm

A

Myeloma

24
Q

Malignant epithelium neoplasm

A

Carcinoma

25
Q

Malignant mesenchyme neoplasm

A

Sarcoma

26
Q

Malignant mature lymphocytes neoplasm

A

Lymphoma

27
Q

Malignant primitive lymphoid/myeloid cells (Blasts) neoplasm

A

Leukaemia

28
Q

Malignant mesothelium neoplasm

A

Mesothelioma

29
Q

Malignant melanocytes neoplasm

A

Melanoma

30
Q

Malignant germ calls neoplasm

A

Teratoma
Seminoma
Choriocarcinoma

31
Q

How can you differentiate between benign and malignant neoplasms?

A

Clinical presentation (history, examination)
Macroscopic appearance
Microscopic appearance (histology)
Behaviour and prognosis

Cancer and Clinical Genetics (8 decks)

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