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Pharmacology > Cancer Meds > Flashcards

Cancer Meds Flashcards

1
Q

List the 3 categories of cancer treatment options

A
  1. Surgery
  2. Radiation
  3. Chemotherapy
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2
Q

List the 3 types of chemotherapy administration strategies

A

a. cytotoxic drugs (most common!)
b. hormones
c. biologic response modifiers

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3
Q

Identify the target tissue or cells affected by chemotherapy

A

High growth fraction cells in the body
= cells/tissues where large percentage of cells are actively dividing

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4
Q

Identify the parts of the body where high growth fraction cells are present normally

A
  1. hair (hair follicles)
  2. GI tract
  3. skin
  4. reproductive system
  5. bone marrow
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5
Q

Identify 3 chemotherapy modalities

A
  1. intermittent chemo
  2. combination chemo (more than 1 chemo at a time)
  3. regional drug delivery
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6
Q

List the 3 ways to deliver regional chemotherapy

A

3a. intracavity (into peritoneal cavity for abdominal cancers)
3b. intrathecal (for CNS cancers)
3c. intra-arterial

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7
Q

Identify the side effects of chemotherapy associated with hair

A

significant hair loss

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8
Q

Identify the gastrointestinal side effects of chemotherapy

A
  1. stomatitis (painful swelling & sores inside the mouth, which disrupt a person’s ability to eat)
  2. diarrhea
  3. nausea & vomitting
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9
Q

Recall the patients who are at higher risk for developing nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy

A
  • women
  • under 50
  • history of motion sickness
  • high level of anxiety
  • experience of morning sickness during pregnancy
  • history of drinking little alcohol
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10
Q

Recognize chemotherapy agents that are associated with a HIGH risk of nausea and vomiting

A

Cyclophosphamide
Cisplatin
Dacarbazine
Mechlorethamine
Streptozocin

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11
Q

Recognize chemotherapy agents that are associated with MODERATE risk of nausea and vomiting

A

Ifosfamide
Doxorubicin
Epirubicin
Idarubicin

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12
Q

List 4 body systems involved in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

A
  1. cortex and limbic system
  2. medulla oblongata
  3. vestibular system
  4. GI tract
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13
Q

Recall the drug classes used to treat nausea and vomiting

A

Serotonin antagonists - ondansetron
Glucocorticoids - dexamethasone
Cannabinoids - Dronabinol
Benzodiazepines

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14
Q

Explain how chemotherapy affects skin

A
  • sensitivity to the sun
  • rash, redness, peeling, itching
  • acne
  • darkening along the vein
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15
Q

Explain how chemotherapy affects male reproduction

A
  • # of sperms decrease with less ability to move
  • difficulty with erection
  • chromosome damages –> birth defects
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16
Q

Explain how chemotherapy affects female reproduction

A
  • infertility
  • decrease in hormones
  • can lead to menopause
17
Q

Explain how chemotherapy affects bone marrow production

A

Myelosuppression

First, neutrophils decrease (leukopenia)
Next, platelets decrease (thrombocytopenia)
Then, erythrocytes go down (anemia)

18
Q

Recall precautions recommended for leukopenic patients

A

Avoid anything fresh (meat must be well-done, no fresh flowers, no fresh fruit or veggies)

19
Q

Recall precautions recommended for thrombocytopenic patients

A

Do not use straight razor blade, use electric shaver, use soft toothbrush

20
Q

List the medication classes that are used to stimulate white blood cell production

A

(macrophage) colony stimulating factor

21
Q

Describe the treatment of anemia caused by chemotherapy myelosuppression

A

Administer erythropoietin

**do not give EPO to patients with leukemia

22
Q

Discuss additional chemotherapy toxicities beyond the 5 areas of high growth fraction cells

A

Some drugs can also be toxic to heart and kidneys

Hyperuricemia –> gout

23
Q

Describe what happens when extravasation occurs during IV chemotherapy

A

Extravasation means that chemo leaks out of vein into surrounded tissue and could cause tissue necrosis

24
Q

Recall the indications of chemotherapeutic drugs other than cancer

A

Cytotoxic drugs can also be used to treat arthritis (but in much smaller doses)

25
Q

List chemotherapeutic drugs that are used to treat arthritis

A

Azathioprine
Cyclophosphamide
Methotrexate

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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