Cancer - Laporte REF 2023 Flashcards
What are the two mains of genes mutated in cancer?
Proto-oncogen (mutates to oncogene), tumor suppressor genes (p53, pRB,p16)
What is c-kit and what happens with mutations?
It is a proto-oncogene that is mutated in cancerns; encodes a transmembrane receptor called kit. the receptor binds to a cytokine, stem cell factor, which initiates intracellular cascades which leads to lots of things.
Understand the hallmarks of cancer ( that define cancer) - 10 of them
What is the metastatic cascade?
Metastasis happens in a prescribed manner; look up from lecture.
Understand the three cancer classifications
Epithelial tumor, mesynchemal tumor, round cell tumor
What is the most common type of malignant neoplasia in cats
Mesenchymal tumors.
What is the origin of most round cells?
Hematopoietic origin
List the major types of round cells.
Which type of tumors tend to exfoliate well?
Epithelial cell tumors. and round cell tumors.
Appearance of mesenchymal tumors on cytology
poorly exfoliate, often occur singly, have funny shapes (spindle, oval) , cytoplasmic margins often indistinct.
Understand IHC markers used in cancer
see list - need to know what to request as far as special stains
What is PARR testing and what is the purpose
determine if you have a reactive vs neoplastic lymphoid population. PCR amplification of antibody receptor genes. Also helps establish prognosis.
What is the sentinel lymph node
The first node that the cancer is going to go to. Need to know lymphatic draininage patterns.
What is median survival time?
The length of tim
List five types of cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders in dogs
cutaneous lymphoma
