Autoimmune Disease Flashcards
How are autoimmune dermatoses classified?
According to the dept of the affected layer(s) of the skin.
In PF, where are autoantibodies targeting (location in skin)?
Autoantibodies target desmosomal antigens in the superficial epidermis.
In PV, where are autoantibodies targeting (location in skin)?
autoantibodies target the suprabasilar desmosomes.
What structure anchors the dermis to the epidermis?
The epidermis is anchored to the dermis via the basal cells of the basement membrane zone.
Where do autoantibodies target the skin in AISBD?
The autoantibodies target various proteins in the BMZ.
Which diseases encompass AISBDs?
mucous membrane pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, bullous pemphigoid.
what is the most common autoimmune disease in dogs and cats?
Pemphigus foliaceous.
In humans with PF, what is(are) the major autoantigens?
Desmoglein-1
In dogs with PF, what is the major autoantigen?
Desmocollin-1
Where is desmocollin-1 located in the skin layers (location of keratinocyte and layer of epidermis (SS, SG, SC, SB)?
DSC-1 is intensely located in the suprabasal keratinocytes along the margins of the stratum spinosum and granulosum
What is the major type of autoantibody in canine and human PF (IgE, IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD)
IgG is the major autoantibody in human and canine PF.
What is the major AA in feline PF?
Currently unknown, but one study detected anti-keratinocyte IgG in 23/30 cats with PF.
What is the major inciting cause of canine and feline PF?
Spontaneous/idiopathic.
What environmental factor can be a trigger for flares of PF in dogs and cats?
UV epxosure has been associated with the induction of flares.
List drugs which have been associated with triggers of PF?
trimethoprim-sulfa, topical ketoconazole, cimetidine
Which insecticides have been associated with potential triggers of PF?
Vectra3D (dinotefuran-pyriproxyfen-pyrethrin), fipronil-amitraz-S-methoprene, afoxalaner (NexGard)
What is the name of the endemic form of PF and where is it geographically located?
The endemic name: fogo selvagem, Brazil
What is the vector associated with endemic PF?
sand fly
For the endimic form of PF in humans, what is the part of the vector that triggers the disease?
salivary antigen LJM11
Do all humans exposed to the vector develop endemic PF, why or why not?
No, some humans appear to have genetic susceptibility to endemic PF.
Why does the vector associated with endemic PF cause PF? (MOA)
The salivary Ag, LJM11, cross-reacts with desmoglein-1.
What is another locality associated with endemic PF, and how does it differ from the form associated with the known vector?
Locality: Tunisia. Younger women, poor localities, a parasite has not been proven. Suspected: high temp, intense UV radiation, contact w/ruminants, bacterial infection, genetic susceptibility.
What are major differential diagnoses for pemphigus foliaceous?
Pustular dermatophytosis, superficial bacterial folliculitis
Which species of dermatophytes is most likely to cause pustular lesions that may be confused with PF?
Trychophyton spp.
