Autoimmune Disease

Question 1

How are autoimmune dermatoses classified?

Answer 1

According to the dept of the affected layer(s) of the skin.

Question 2

In PF, where are autoantibodies targeting (location in skin)?

Answer 2

Autoantibodies target desmosomal antigens in the superficial epidermis.

Question 3

In PV, where are autoantibodies targeting (location in skin)?

Answer 3

autoantibodies target the suprabasilar desmosomes.

Question 4

What structure anchors the dermis to the epidermis?

Answer 4

The epidermis is anchored to the dermis via the basal cells of the basement membrane zone.

Question 5

Where do autoantibodies target the skin in AISBD?

Answer 5

The autoantibodies target various proteins in the BMZ.

Question 6

Which diseases encompass AISBDs?

Answer 6

mucous membrane pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, bullous pemphigoid.

Question 7

what is the most common autoimmune disease in dogs and cats?

Answer 7

Pemphigus foliaceous.

Question 8

In humans with PF, what is(are) the major autoantigens?

Answer 8

Desmoglein-1

Question 9

In dogs with PF, what is the major autoantigen?

Answer 9

Desmocollin-1

Question 10

Where is desmocollin-1 located in the skin layers (location of keratinocyte and layer of epidermis (SS, SG, SC, SB)?

Answer 10

DSC-1 is intensely located in the suprabasal keratinocytes along the margins of the stratum spinosum and granulosum

Question 11

What is the major type of autoantibody in canine and human PF (IgE, IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD)

Answer 11

IgG is the major autoantibody in human and canine PF.

Question 12

What is the major AA in feline PF?

Answer 12

Currently unknown, but one study detected anti-keratinocyte IgG in 23/30 cats with PF.

Question 13

What is the major inciting cause of canine and feline PF?

Answer 13

Spontaneous/idiopathic.

Question 14

What environmental factor can be a trigger for flares of PF in dogs and cats?

Answer 14

UV epxosure has been associated with the induction of flares.

Question 15

List drugs which have been associated with triggers of PF?

Answer 15

trimethoprim-sulfa, topical ketoconazole, cimetidine

Question 16

Which insecticides have been associated with potential triggers of PF?

Answer 16

Vectra3D (dinotefuran-pyriproxyfen-pyrethrin), fipronil-amitraz-S-methoprene, afoxalaner (NexGard)

Question 17

What is the name of the endemic form of PF and where is it geographically located?

Answer 17

The endemic name: fogo selvagem, Brazil

Question 18

What is the vector associated with endemic PF?

Answer 18

sand fly

Question 19

For the endimic form of PF in humans, what is the part of the vector that triggers the disease?

Answer 19

salivary antigen LJM11

Question 20

Do all humans exposed to the vector develop endemic PF, why or why not?

Answer 20

No, some humans appear to have genetic susceptibility to endemic PF.

Question 21

Why does the vector associated with endemic PF cause PF? (MOA)

Answer 21

The salivary Ag, LJM11, cross-reacts with desmoglein-1.

Question 22

What is another locality associated with endemic PF, and how does it differ from the form associated with the known vector?

Answer 22

Locality: Tunisia. Younger women, poor localities, a parasite has not been proven. Suspected: high temp, intense UV radiation, contact w/ruminants, bacterial infection, genetic susceptibility.

Question 23

What are major differential diagnoses for pemphigus foliaceous?

Answer 23

Pustular dermatophytosis, superficial bacterial folliculitis

Question 24

Which species of dermatophytes is most likely to cause pustular lesions that may be confused with PF?

Answer 24

Trychophyton spp.