Cancer incidence and survivorship

Question 1

What are the top 5 cancers diagnosed in men?

Answer 1

Prostate (25%), Lung (15%), Colorectal (14%), Bladder (5%) and oesophageal (4%)

Question 2

What are the top 5 cancers diagnosed in women?

Answer 2

Breast (30%), Lung (12.5%), Colorectal (12%),,Uterus (5%), Ovary (4%)

Question 3

What are the fastest increasing cancers in men and women?

Answer 3

Malignant melanoma: 1st Male and 2nd Female
Liver cancer: 2nd Males and 3rd Females
Mesothelioma (asbetos): Rates up 50% in last decade
Stomach cancer: Decreased 33% (male) and 29% (female).

Question 4

What 3 cancers have decreased the most?

Answer 4

Stomach, Bladder and Lung

Question 5

How does cancer rates vary across the UK

Answer 5

England: Lowest for both
Wales: Highest for males
Scotland: Highest for females

Question 6

How many people are estimated to be living with cancer and living with cancer and beyond in the UK

Answer 6

1.13 million (2006)

2 million with cancer and beyond - expected to rise more than 3% each year

Question 7

What does living with and beyond cancer mean>

Answer 7

Describes those still receiving cancer treatment or with advanced cancer (pallitative care setting) and includes those cured or in remission.

Question 8

What is the 5 year survival rate and how does this differ between men and women?

Answer 8

50% overall, 56% women and 43% men

After 10 years: 52% women vs. 39% men

Question 9

What is prevalence?

Answer 9

How often something appears in the population

Question 10

What are the most prevalent cancer(s) for men and women?

Answer 10

48% breast cancer (female), 36% (prostate) male, bowel is 15% in men and 10% in women.

Question 11

What cancers have the highest and lowest survival rates in either sex?

Answer 11

Men: Testicular (95%) and pancreatic (2%).
Women: Malignant melanoma (90%), pancreatic, oesophageal and lung (10%)

Question 12

What is the incidence, lifetime risk and survival rate of breast cancer? How might these factors differ?

Answer 12

• 1.38 million people diagnosed (2008) - highest rates in western Europe and lowest in Africa
• Lifetime risk is 1 in 8 - 48,000 each year - 130 women a day
• 75% survive for 10 years, 2 thirds beyond 20 years
• 90% Stage 1 vs. 10% Stage 5
• Incidence is worse in western europe - attitudes towards children

Question 13

What is the incidence and survival rate or prostate cancer? How might these factors differ?

Answer 13

• 1 million diagnosed each year (37,000 in UK), 75% occuring in more developed countires
• 50% cases diagnosed in men over 50
• Survival rate: 70% vs. 10% 1970’s (used of prostate specific antigen testing)

Question 14

What is the incidence, prevalence and survival rate of bowel cancer? Why might these factors differ?

Answer 14

• 40,000 (110 per day) people diagnosed in UK (2008) (two thirds colon and one third rectum)
• Colon Survival rate: 22% 1970’s vs. 50% in mid 2000s (male)
• Colon Survival rate: 23% 1970s vs. 51% in mid 2000s (female)
• Rectal Survival rate: 25% to 51% (men) and 27% to 55% women
• Ten year survival rates high suggesting once past 5 years, looks very good
• Bowel screening program people 50-74% years of age in NHS
• Duke’s stage A: 93% vs 7% in Duke’s stage D
• 5-9% improved survival amongst people from most affluent areas

Question 15

What is a lymphoma and what are the different types?

Answer 15

• A haematological cancer - cancer of the lymphatic system, it can enter blood streams and spread to other parts
• Most common in lymph nodes of neck (most), arms, chest, groin and abdomen

Question 16

What is Non-Hodgkin lymphoma the different types, it’s prevalence and the survival rate(NHL)?

Answer 16

• Fifth most common in UK.
• In children, 10% of cancers are lymphomas and 41% are NHL.
• 95 children under age 15 diagnosed each year.
• 7 in 10 diagnosed in people age 60 or over
• High grade - develops quickly and aggressively where as low grade develops slowly over time
• Twice as likely to survive for 10 years now compared to 1970s
• 2/3 Under 45 survive for 5 years compared to one third aged 65 to 74

Question 17

What is hodgkin lymphoma, it’s survival rate and prevalence?

Answer 17

• Haematological cancer accounting for 0.6% of cancers in UK - particularly prevalent in children and adolescents
• 80% survival rate for adults and 95% for children aged 0-14

Question 18

What is leukaemia, it’s prevalence and survival rate?

Answer 18

• Cancer of the white blood cells and bone marrow - four main types: acute myeloid (AML), acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and chronic myeloid (CML) and chronic lymphocytic (CLL)
• 12th most common cause - 2.5% of total cases
• 8 in 10 cases diagnosed in people aged 50 or older and around half in people aged 70 or older
• 40% survive disease for at least 5 years - and 1/3 survive disease for at least 10 years.
• 8 in 10 children with ALL survive for at least 5 years

Question 19

What is the incidence of endometrial cancer?

Answer 19

• Fourth most common in women - 5% of all female cancers
• The incidence is rising in postmenopausal women, possibly linked to increase in obesity
• Percentages diagnosed in women aged over 50 is 93%
• 5 year survival, 77% vs. 61%
• 85% survival rate for stage 1 tumour vs. 25% for stage 5 tumours