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Genetics Block 3 > Cancer Genetics and Genomics > Flashcards

Cancer Genetics and Genomics Flashcards

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1
Q

Where do teolemrase and antiapoptotic proteins work?

A

at the mitochondria

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2
Q

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
C-fos

A

transcription factor; nuclear proteins

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3
Q

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
C-myc

A

transcription factor; nuclear proteins

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4
Q

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
K-ras

A

small g-protein; signal transduction proteins

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5
Q

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
H-ras

A

small g-protein; signal transduction proteins

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6
Q

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
C-src

A

protein kinase; signal transduction proteins

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7
Q

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
C-abl

A

protein kinase; Signal Transduction proteins

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8
Q

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
C-erbB

A

Epidermal growth factor receptor; Growth factor receptors

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9
Q

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
C-sis

A

platelet derived growth factors; secreted-growth factors

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10
Q

What is an oncogene?

A

a mutant allele of a proto-oncogene

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11
Q

What does activation of an antiapoptotic gene allow?

A

excessive accumulation of cells

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12
Q

These tumor-suppressor genes indirectly maintain genome integrity and correct mutations during DNA replication and cell division

A

caretakers

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13
Q

These tumor-suppressor genes directly regulate proto-oncogene function

A

gatekeepers

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14
Q

Which 4 require only a single mutant allele?:

  • proto-oncogene activation
  • loss of tumor-suppresor gene expression
  • activation of antiapoptotic genes
  • loss of proapoptotic gene expression
A
  • proto-oncogene activation

- activation of antiapoptotic genes

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15
Q

Is loss of proapoptotic gene expression dominant or recessive?

A

can be both

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16
Q

if activation of antiapoptotic genes dominant or recessive?

A

dominant, so requires a single mutant allele

17
Q

Is Loss of tumor-suppressor gene expression dominant or recessive?

A

recessive

18
Q

Is activation of oncogenes dominant or recessive?

A

dominant

19
Q

disease process characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation leading to a tumor

A

neoplasia

20
Q

capable of invading surrounding tissue and metastasizing to other sites in the body

A

malignant tumor

21
Q

don’t invade or metastasize

A

benign tumor

22
Q

tumor has arisen in mesenchymal tissue (such as bone, muscle, connective tissue, or nervous system tissue)

A

sarcoma

23
Q

loosely organized undifferentiated mostly mesodermal cells that give rise to structures such as connective tissue, lymphatics, bone, cartilage

A

mesenchyme

24
Q

originate in epithelial tissue, such as cells lining the intestine, bronchi, or mammary ducts

A

carcinomas

25
Q

spread throughout the bone marrow, lymphatic system, and peripheral blood, such as leukemia and lymphoma

A

hematopoetic and lymphoid malignant neoplasms

26
Q

mutant allele of a proto-oncogene

A

oncogene

27
Q

What is the philadelphia chromosome translocation?

A

t(9;22)(q34;q11)

28
Q

in what disorder is the philadelphia chromosome seen

A

CML

29
Q

What is the function of the DCC gene?

A

cell surface interactions

30
Q

What is the function of the WT1 gene?

A

transcription

31
Q

What is the function of the Rb1 gene?

A

transcription

32
Q

What is the function of the Tp53 gene?

A

transcription

33
Q

What happens to cells that contain a mutated p53?

A

they cannot arrest and enter into S phase and replicate damaged DNA

34
Q

What does Mdm2 act as?

A

an E3 ubiquitin kinase

35
Q

What is the normal function of APC?

A

gatekeeper (binding beta catenin to phoshphorylate and degrade;stops its oncogene activity)

36
Q

condition manifested by damaged DNA due to defects in the normal DNA repair process

A

microsattelite instability

37
Q

repeated sequences of DNA

A

microsatellites

38
Q

What do miRNAs do?

A

They mediate inhibition of protein-coding gene expression by inhibiting translation or by degrading the mRNA

39
Q

What are miRNAs role in cancer?

A

regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis processes that are important in cancer formation
-some may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors

Genetics Block 3 (8 decks)

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