Cancer Chemotherapy Flashcards
uncontrolled growth of human cells
neoplasia
if with movement–invasiveness
movement of neoplastic cells into distant tissues
metastasis
how do non-specific agents act
act on cell in all phases of replication
resting vs all cells
how do cell cycle specific agents act
antimetabolites, mitotic spindle inhibitor & enzyme inhibitors
alkylating agents
“alkyl agents cycle amid-I must go splat”
cell cycle non-specific chemo agents
add an alkyl group to DNA–inhibits replication
cyclophosphamide–prodrug, nitrogen mustart
iomustine
cisplatin
Antibiotics
“rubicins”
non specific agents of cell cycle
doxorubicin, daunorubicin & other “rubicins”
intercalates with DNA, blocks DNA synthesis
Produce free radicals
SE: heart muscle degeneration
The “mycins”
dactinomycin–intercalates with DNA, interferes with mRN synthesis
bleomycin–intercalates with DNA, causes DNA strand breakage, SE: pulmonary fibrosis
Antimetabolites–folate antagonists
methotrexate
inhibits enzyme dihydrofolate reductase
SE: myelosuppression (decreased RBC formation)–to fix this take leucovorin “leucovorin rescue).
pyrimidine analogs
5-fluorouracil–inhibits the enzyme thymadylate synth ease
cytarabine–inhibits DNA polymerase
purine analogs
6-mercaptopurine
Natural product that inhibits microtubules
“Vin says take a taxi every buddy pile on”
inhibit microtubules needed for replication
vincristine & vinblastine–from madagascar periwinkle
paclitaxel
eribulin–causes apoptosis, from a sponge
ixabepilone
agents that inhibit DNA topoisomerase
“topo”
etoposide
topotecan
irinotecan
target-specific: androgen activity blockers
“Andy was looting amid a terrible one losing profit”
treat prostate tumors
flutamide & other “lutamides”–blocks androgen receptor
abiraterone–inhibits enzyme
leuprolide–receptor activator
target-specific: estrogen activity blockers
Tammy & Ana
tamoxifen: blocks estrogen receptor, SE: retinal changes & increased cataracts
anastrozole: inhibits the enzyme aromatase
target-specific: glucocorticoids
prednisone–inhibits immune function, treats leukemia
