Cancer & Chemotherapy

Question 1

9 types of Etiology and what they effect

Answer 1

1. Occupational - asbestos (lung cancer)
2. UV radiation - Melanoma (skin cancer)
3. Alcohol - liver
4. Tobacco - lungs
5. Dietary factors - colon
6. Ionizing radiation - Leukemia
7. Viruses - Cervix
8. Genetic - BRCA1
9. Drugs - Alkylating agents (leukemia, bladder)

Question 2

Alkylating Agents MOA + Example

Answer 2

MOA: prevent unwinding of DNA molecule and protein synthesis by binding to DNA and creating covalent bonds → cross-link DNA
Ex. Cyclophosphamide

Question 3

Which Chemotherapy drug prevents hte uniwinding of DNA molecules

Answer 3

alkylating Agnets

Question 4

what is cyclophosphamide an example of

Answer 4

alkylating agnets

Question 5

Epipodophyllotoxins MOA + Ex

Answer 5

MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II, enzyme responsible for DNA breaks, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis
Ex. Etoposide

Question 6

which chemotherapy agent inhibits topoimerase II to inhibit DNA syntehsis

Answer 6

Epipodophyllotoxins

Question 7

what is etoposide

Answer 7

an epipodophyllotixins

Question 8

Taxanes MOA

Answer 8

promote assembly and stabilization of microtubules, thus inhibiting cell replication

Question 9

Antimetabolities MOA + Ex

Answer 9

MOA: incorporate into DNA or RNA to interefere with function/synthesis by inhibiting polymeraze enzymes
Ex. 5-FU

Question 10

which chemotherapy agent is incorporated into DNA or RNA to interefere with function/synthesis by inhibiting polymeraze enzymes

Answer 10

Antimetabolites

Question 11

what is 5-Fluorouracil

Answer 11

antimetabolite

Question 12

Antitumour antibiotics MOA + example

Answer 12

MOA: insert between DNA base paris to uncoil helix & inhibit DNA & RNA synthesis
e. doxorubicin

Question 13

which chemotherapy agnet is inserted between DNA base paris to uncoil helix & inhibit DNA & RNA synthesis

Answer 13

antitumour antibioiticwha

Question 14

what is doxorubicin

Answer 14

antitumour antibioitic

Question 15

waht is streptozocin

Answer 15

alkylating agnet + antitumour antibiotic

Question 16

alkylating agent + antitumour antibiotic MOA

Answer 16

Undergoes spontaneous decomposition → reactive methyl carbonium ions → alkylate DNA → interstrand cross links → inhibits mitosis

Question 17

Camptothecins MOA + Ex

Answer 17

MOA: bind topoisomerase I, enzyme responsible for reversible, single-strand breaks in DNA during DNA replication → prevent religation of DNA strand, resulting in cell death
Ex. irinotecan

Question 18

Which chemotherapy agent binds topoisomerase I, enzyme responsible for reversible, single-strand breaks in DNA during DNA replication → prevent religation of DNA strand, resulting in cell death

Answer 18

camptothecins

Question 19

what is irinotecan

Answer 19

camptothecins

Question 20

Vinca Alkaloids MOA + example

Answer 20

MOA: prevent polymerization of tubulin to form microtubules

Ex. Vincristine

Question 21

which chemotherapy agent prevents polymerization of tubulin to form microtubules

Answer 21

vinca alkaloids

Question 22

what is vincristine

Answer 22

vina alkaloids

Question 23

immunotherapy exampels

Answer 23

1. IMmune checkpoint inhibitors
2. T-Cell transfer therapy
3. Monocolonal antibodies
4. cancer vaccines

Question 24

Targeted therpay examples

Answer 24

1. monoclonal antibodies
2. protease inhibitors
3. tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Question 25

Endocrine thepray example

Answer 25

aromattase inhibitors - letrozole