Bugs and Drugs Flashcards
In gram staining, which type successfully decolorises, and which type does not? Why?
Decolorise - gram negative
maintains violet - gram positive
Why:
gram positive contains a thick cell wall (peptidoglycan layer) whereas gram negative has a much thinner cell wall
Example of a gram positive & negative bacteria
positive - staphylococcus (grapes)
negative - ecoli
3 important factors/ drugs for preventing COVID + what does each one do
- Sotrovimab - monoclonal antibody - prevents virus from binding to receptor and entering
- Ritonavir - inhibits metabolism of nirmatrelvir
- Nirmatrelvir: inhibits protease enzyme so COVId cannot go thorugh with protein assembly
Viral vector vaccine vs MRNA vaccine
Viral vector- spike protein genetic material extracted and inserted into inactive virus
mRNA - develop mRNA with instructions for making spike protein
3 types of Bacteria shapes
Spherical - Cocci
Rod-Shaped - bacilli
Spiral - spaghetti
Bactericidal
MBC:MIC <= 4
Bacteriostatic
MBC:MIC > 4
Beta-lactam Antibiotic MOA + example
MOA: inhibit synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall
Ex. penicillin
What inhibit synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan cell wal
beeta-lactam antibiotic
what kind of antibiotic is penicillin
Beta-lactam
macrolides Antibiotic MOA + example
MOA: inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding reversibly to 50S subunit of bacteiral ribosomes
ex. azithromycin
Which antibiotic inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding reversibly to 50S subunit of bacteiral ribosomes
Macrolides
what kind of antibiotic is azithromycin
macrolides
Aminoglycosides MOA + example
MOA: interefere with bacterial protein synthesis by binding ireversibly to 30S & 50S subunit of ribosomal subunits
Ex. Gentamicin
which antibioitic intereferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding ireversibly to 30S & 50S subunit of ribosomal subunits
Aminoglycosides
Which antibiotic is gentamicin
aminoglycosides
Tetracycline MOA + Ex.
MOA: inhibit bacterial protein syntehsis by binding reversibly to 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes
Ex. Doxycyline
which antibiotic inhibits bacterial protein syntehsis by binding reversibly to 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes
Tetracycline
which antibiotic is doxycycline
tetracyclines
Sulfonamides MOA + Ex
MOA: interfere with folic acid synthesis by inhibiting dihydropteroate synthetase & preventing addiction of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) into folic acid
Ex. sulfamethoxazole
Quinolones MOA + Ex
MOA: inhibit bacterial DNA replication by inhibiting DNA gyrase/topoisomerase which inhibitions relaxation of supercoiled DNA
Ex. ciprofloxacin
Which antibiotic interfere with folic acid synthesis by inhibiting dihydropteroate synthetase & preventing addiction of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) into folic acid
Sulfonamides
which antibiotic type of sulfamethoxazole
sulfonamides
which antibiotic inhibit DNA gyrase/topoisomerase → inhibit relaxation of supercoiled DNA → inhibit bacterial DNA replication
quinolones
which anti biotic is ciprofloxacin
quinolones
Glycopeptides MOA + Ex.
MOA: inhibits cell wall synthesis in gram positive bacteria by binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursor units
Ex. Vancomycin
which antibiotic inhibits cell wall synthesis in gram positive bacteria by binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursor units
glycopeptides
which antibioitic is vancomycin
glycopeptides
oxazolidinone MOA + Ex
MOA: inhibits protein synthesis by binding at P site of 50S ribosomal subunits
Ex. Linezolid
Which antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis by binding at P site of 50S ribosomal subunits
oxazolidinone
which antibiotic is linezolid
oxazolidionone
