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PCTH > Bugs and Drugs > Flashcards

Bugs and Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

In gram staining, which type successfully decolorises, and which type does not? Why?

A

Decolorise - gram negative
maintains violet - gram positive
Why:
gram positive contains a thick cell wall (peptidoglycan layer) whereas gram negative has a much thinner cell wall

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2
Q

Example of a gram positive & negative bacteria

A

positive - staphylococcus (grapes)
negative - ecoli

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3
Q

3 important factors/ drugs for preventing COVID + what does each one do

A
  1. Sotrovimab - monoclonal antibody - prevents virus from binding to receptor and entering
  2. Ritonavir - inhibits metabolism of nirmatrelvir
  3. Nirmatrelvir: inhibits protease enzyme so COVId cannot go thorugh with protein assembly
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4
Q

Viral vector vaccine vs MRNA vaccine

A

Viral vector- spike protein genetic material extracted and inserted into inactive virus
mRNA - develop mRNA with instructions for making spike protein

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5
Q

3 types of Bacteria shapes

A

Spherical - Cocci
Rod-Shaped - bacilli
Spiral - spaghetti

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6
Q

Bactericidal

A

MBC:MIC <= 4

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7
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

MBC:MIC > 4

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8
Q

Beta-lactam Antibiotic MOA + example

A

MOA: inhibit synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall
Ex. penicillin

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9
Q

What inhibit synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan cell wal

A

beeta-lactam antibiotic

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10
Q

what kind of antibiotic is penicillin

A

Beta-lactam

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11
Q

macrolides Antibiotic MOA + example

A

MOA: inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding reversibly to 50S subunit of bacteiral ribosomes
ex. azithromycin

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12
Q

Which antibiotic inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding reversibly to 50S subunit of bacteiral ribosomes

A

Macrolides

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13
Q

what kind of antibiotic is azithromycin

A

macrolides

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14
Q

Aminoglycosides MOA + example

A

MOA: interefere with bacterial protein synthesis by binding ireversibly to 30S & 50S subunit of ribosomal subunits
Ex. Gentamicin

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15
Q

which antibioitic intereferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding ireversibly to 30S & 50S subunit of ribosomal subunits

A

Aminoglycosides

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16
Q

Which antibiotic is gentamicin

A

aminoglycosides

17
Q

Tetracycline MOA + Ex.

A

MOA: inhibit bacterial protein syntehsis by binding reversibly to 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes
Ex. Doxycyline

18
Q

which antibiotic inhibits bacterial protein syntehsis by binding reversibly to 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes

A

Tetracycline

19
Q

which antibiotic is doxycycline

A

tetracyclines

20
Q

Sulfonamides MOA + Ex

A

MOA: interfere with folic acid synthesis by inhibiting dihydropteroate synthetase & preventing addiction of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) into folic acid
Ex. sulfamethoxazole

21
Q

Quinolones MOA + Ex

A

MOA: inhibit bacterial DNA replication by inhibiting DNA gyrase/topoisomerase which inhibitions relaxation of supercoiled DNA
Ex. ciprofloxacin

22
Q

Which antibiotic interfere with folic acid synthesis by inhibiting dihydropteroate synthetase & preventing addiction of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) into folic acid

A

Sulfonamides

23
Q

which antibiotic type of sulfamethoxazole

A

sulfonamides

24
Q

which antibiotic inhibit DNA gyrase/topoisomerase → inhibit relaxation of supercoiled DNA → inhibit bacterial DNA replication

A

quinolones

25
Q

which anti biotic is ciprofloxacin

A

quinolones

26
Q

Glycopeptides MOA + Ex.

A

MOA: inhibits cell wall synthesis in gram positive bacteria by binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursor units
Ex. Vancomycin

27
Q

which antibiotic inhibits cell wall synthesis in gram positive bacteria by binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursor units

A

glycopeptides

28
Q

which antibioitic is vancomycin

A

glycopeptides

29
Q

oxazolidinone MOA + Ex

A

MOA: inhibits protein synthesis by binding at P site of 50S ribosomal subunits
Ex. Linezolid

30
Q

Which antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis by binding at P site of 50S ribosomal subunits

A

oxazolidinone

31
Q

which antibiotic is linezolid

A

oxazolidionone

PCTH (3 decks)

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