Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Cancer Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Cancer Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

what is tumor lysis syndrome

A

increased uric acid production leading to gout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

are alkylating agents cell cycle specific or non-specific

A

non specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

alkylating agents can be classified as nitrogen mustards, nitrosoureas, or other. what is an example of a nitrogen mustard

A

cyclophosphamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

alkylating agents can be classifies as nitrogen mustards, nitrosoureas, or other. what is an example of a nitrosourcea

A

carmustine

*-mustine ending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the suffix used for alkylating agents that aren’t nitrogen mustards or nitrosoureas

A

-platin
-carbazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the mechanism of action of alkylating agents

A

alkylation of nucleophilic group on DNA at the N7 position of guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cyclophosphamide is metabolized into a phosphoramide mustard and acrolein. what are the effects of each

A

phosphoramide mustard allows for the cytotoxic effects
acrolein causes toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cyclophosphamide metabolizes into a toxin called __. what does this toxin cause

A

acrolein
hemorrhagic cystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is MENSA-2 used for

A

decrease the effect of cyclophosphamide metabolite acrolein affect that causes hemorrhagic cystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Busulfan is what class of chemo drug

A

alkylating agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does busulfan work

A

depresses granulocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does the alkylating agent procarbazine work

A

it has monoamine oxidase like activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is an important consideration when giving someone procarbazine

A

since it has monoamine oxidase activity, patients should be educated to avoid tyramine containing foods to avoid the cheese reaction (hypertensive crisis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 2 main adverse effects of cisplatin

A

emesis
nephrotoxicity (will show as elevated creatinine and urea level)
ototoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 3 main classes or antimetabolite chemo drugs

A

folate analog
purine analog
pyrimidine analog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

at what stage of the cell cycle do antimetabolites including folate analogs, purine analogs, and pyrimidine analogs act

A

S phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the mechanism of action of methotrexate

A

it inhibits DHFR leading to inhibition of THF synthesis, which inhibits synthesis of deoxynucleotides/DNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the main toxicity of methotrexate. what is another toxicity

A

megaloblastic anemia
renal toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what can be given to reverse the effects of methotrexate leading to megaloblastic anemia

A

leucovorin (AKA folinic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are 2 examples of purine analogs

A

6-mercaptopurine
6-thioguanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine are metabolized to __ and __ by the enzyme __

A

6-mercaptopurine–>thio-IMP
6-thioguanine–>thio-GMP
HGPRT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do 6-mercaptopurine and
6-thioguanine work

A

their metabolites inhibit enzymes involved in purine synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

besides HGPRT, what other enzyme metabolizes thiopurine such as 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine

A

thiopurine methyltransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the mechanism of action of the pyrimidine analog 5-gluorouracil

A

it is converted into 5-FdUMP which inhibits thymidylate synthase, decreasing synthesis of dTMP/DNA synthesis, leading to apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what can be administered with leucovorin to enhance its effect
5-fluorouracil
26
what are the adverse effects of 5-fluorouracil
hand foot syndrome coronary artery spasm angina pectoris
27
what is the mechanism of action of the cytosine analog cytarabine
inhibition of DNA polymerase
28
what is the main toxicity of cytarabine
cerebral and cerebellar dysfunction
29
what are the 2 classes of antimitotic drugs
vinca alkaloids taxanes
30
what is the mechanism of action of the antimitotic drug class vinca alkaloids
inhibition of tubulin polymerization which prevents microtubule assembly
31
what is the mechanism of action of the antimitotic drug class taxanes
promote assembly of microtubules and prevent microtubule disassembly
32
vincristine and vinblastine are what class of chemo drugs
antimitotic vinca alkaloids
33
-taxel drugs are what class of chemo drugs
antimitotic taxanes
34
vincristine and vanblastine act on what stage of the cell cycle
M
35
what is the 4 main toxicities of vincristine
peripheral neuropathy alopecia constipation SIADH
36
what is the main toxicity of vinblastine
myelosuppression
37
does vincristine or vinblastine cause more myelosuppression
vinblastine
38
-taxel drugs act in what stage of the cell cycle
M
39
what is the main toxicity of -taxel drugs
neutropenia
40
what is the difference between topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II
I-breaks and seals single DNA strands II-breaks and reseals both DNA strands
41
topoisomerase inhibitors act in what stage of the cell cycle
early G2/late S
42
-tecan drugs are what class of drugs
topoisomerase I inhibitors
43
-poside drugs are what class of drugs
topoisomerase II inhibitors
44
what is the mechanism of action of irinotecan
it undergoes hydrolysis to form SN-38 which is an greater inhibitor of topoisomerase I
45
what is the main toxicity of topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan
life threatening diarrhea (this drug has a cholinergic effect acting on the bowel mucosa to cause diarrhea)
46
topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan is contradicted in patients with what syndrome
Gilberts
47
what class of drug are -rubicin drugs such as doxorubicin and daunorubicin
cytotoxic antibiotics
48
what is the mechanism of action of doxorubicin and daunorubicin, both cytotoxic antibiotics (3)
intercalation into DNA inhibition of topoisomerase II (causes DNA fragmentation) generation of free radicals
49
what enzyme protects tissues from free radicals generated from drugs such as doxorubicin and daunorubin
glutathione peroxidase
50
what is the main toxic effect of doxorubicin and daunorubicin
cardiotoxicity due to free radical generation and lipid peroxification
51
what drug can reverse the effect of free radical formation that occurs as a result of doxorubicin or daunorubicin administration
dexrazoxane (an iron chelating agent)
52
radiation recall reaction may occur after administration of __, which prevents free radical formation following doxorubicin or daunorubicin administration
dexrazoxane
53
what is the mechanism of action of bleomycin
it combines with iron and generates free radicals, causing breakage in DNA
54
bleomycin affects what stage of the cell cycle
G2 and M
55
Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase is used for what cellular process
signal transduction
56
imantinib is an example of what drug class
Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor
57
what is the mechanism of action of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor
they bind to ATP binding side of the BCR-ABL fusion gene so it is unable to convert to its active form
58
Erlotinib is an example of what type of drug
epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitor
59
epidermal growth factor inhibitor targets what stage of the cell cycle
G1
60
-zomib is used for what class of drugs
proteosome inhibitors
61
what stage of the cell cycle do proteosome inhibitors act in
G2/S
62
do proteosome inhibitors (-zomim)upregulate or downregulated MHC I
downregulate (this leads to alteration of presentation of antigens to CD8+ cells, ultimately making the patient more prone to infection)
63
what is the function of Bcl-2
prevent the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria, inhibiting apoptosis
64
what is the mechanism of Bcl-2 inhibitors
they make the cell more sensitive to stress signals (such as chemotherapy) by increasing activation of caspases, leading to cell death
65
what is the mechanism of action of riruximab
antibody dependent cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells
66
what is the mechanism of action of bevacizumab
its an angiogenesis inhibitor that is directed against vascular endothelial growth factor
67
what is the mechanism of action of Cetuximab
it targets epidermal growth factor, interfering with cancer cell growth
68
what is the mechanism of action of trastuzumab
it binds to the extracellular portion of HER-2, preventing activation of transmembrane tyrosine kinase
69
what are the toxic effects of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab
cardiomyopathy with decreased myocardial contractility
70
71
what is the mechanism of action of L-asparaginase
it destroys asparagine outside the cell, depriving cancer cells from asparagine and inhibiting protein synthesis (*leukemic cells can not synthesize asparagine due to their low level of asparagine synthase)
72
what are the 3 main toxic effects of L-asparaginase
hepatotoxicity hypersensitivity pancreatitis
73
hydroxyurea acts in what stage of the cell cycle
S
74
what is the function of hydroxyurea
inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase of purines and pyrimidines during the S phase
75
what is the function of filgrastim (granulocyte colony stimulating factor) or sargramostim (granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor)
prevention of chemo-induced neutropenia
76
what is the function of ondansetron
anti-emetic drug
77
what is the function of amifostine
it acts as a free radical scavenger to reduce nephrotoxicity (it is used with cisplatin)
78
what is the function of amifostine
it is used to reduce the incidence of neutropenia-related fever and infection by alkylating agents
79

Pharmacology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions