Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Antipsychotics and Antimanic > Flashcards

Antipsychotics and Antimanic Flashcards

1
Q

how does the mesolimbic differ from the mesocortical pathway in terms of positive and negative symptoms

A

mesolimbic- positive symptoms
mesocortical- negative symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how does the nigrostriatal differ from the tuberoinfundibular pathway in terms of schizophrenic symptoms

A

nigrostratal- extrapyramidal symptoms
tuberoinfundibular- hyperprolactinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the effect of atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

A

increase dopamine in mesocortical tract (control negative symptoms)

inhibit activity of mesolimbic path (control positive symptoms)

*controls + and - symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the effect of typical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

A

inhibit mesolimbic path activity (controls positive symptoms)

less increase in mesocortical pathway (controls negative symptoms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

do typical or atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia have more of an impact on the mesocortical tract? Mesolimbic tract

A

atypical= more mesocortical

both inhibit mesolimbic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do D1 receptors differ from D2 receptors

A

D1 increase cAMP
D2 decreased cAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

D1 receptors are __ coupled
D2 receptors are __ coupled

A

D1= Gs
D2= Gi or Go

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the difference between the receptors primarily blocked by typical vs atypical antipsychotics

A

typical antipsychotics block dopamine D2 receptors

atypical antipsychotics block serotonin (5-HT2) receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is an example of a high potency antipsychotic drug

A

haloperidol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

atypical antipsychotic drugs control more __ symptoms

typical antipsychotics control more __ symptoms

A

atypical control negative
typical control positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

do atypical or typical antipsychotics produce more extrapyramidal symptoms

A

typical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

although one may block a certain predominantly, all antipsychotics block what 2 receptors

A

D2 dopamine
serotonin (5-HT2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

do typical or atypical antipsychotics block muscarinic, alpha1, and histaminergic receptors

A

typical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what body temperature effect is seen with antipsychotic drug use

A

poikilothermic effect- loss of body regulation= body temperature varies with the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are 3 cardiovascular system effects seen with antipsychotic drugs

A

orthostatic hypotension
QT prolongation
ventricular arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is an example of a typical (first generation) antipsychotic drug

A

chlorpromazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are 2 adverse effects of antipsychotic use

A

cholestatic jaundice (hypersensitivity reaction)
bone marrow suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does thioridazine differ from chlorpromazine as an antipsychotic

A

more antimuscarinic effects
less extrapyramidal side effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are 2 adverse effects of the typical antipsychotic thioridazine

A

pigmentary retinopathy
cardiac arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

haloperidol is effective in acute schizophrenia to treat __ symptoms

positive or negative

A

positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is Haloperidol short or long term acting

A

long acting injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

haloperidol has less antimuscarinic effects but its use is limited due to __

A

extrapyramidal symptoms and anticholinergic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are 2 antipsychotics that can be used for Tourette’s syndrome

A

Pimozide
Haloperidol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what effects of typical antipsychotic drugs can tolerance be developed for

A

sedative and hypotensive

not antipsychotic and extrapyramidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are 3 adverse effects of antipsychotic use

A

extrapyramidal symptoms such as:

acute muscular dystonia
akinesia
drug induced pseudo-parkinsonism symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how are extrapyramidal symptoms of antipsychotics treated

A

anticholinergic drugs benztropine, benzhexol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

chronic toxicity of antipsychotics causes what symptom

A

tardive dyskinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what antipsychotic is the only drug to not induce tardive dyskinesia

A

clozapine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

does chronic toxicity leading to tadive dyskinesia occur more with typical or atypical antipsychotic use

A

typical

30
Q

what is the treatment for tardive dyskinesia caused by chronic antipsychotic toxicity

A

Valbenazine or Deutetrabenazine

31
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Valbenazine or Deutetrabenazine used for management of chronic antipsychotics toxicity

A

inhibit monoamine transporter 2 and decreases amines

32
Q

what are 5 adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs

A

hyperprolactinemia
weight gain
hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia–>diabetes
retinopathy
cardiotoxicity

33
Q

antipsychotic drugs can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome, especially with what drug

A

haloperidol

34
Q

what causes neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

rapid and excess dopamine receptor blockade

35
Q

what are 3 effects of neuroleptic malignant syndrome caused by antipsychotic drugs

A

elevation of creatine kinase and liver transaminase
autonomic dysfunction
altered mental state

36
Q

what drugs can be used for treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

Bromocriptine
Amantadine

37
Q

what atypical antipsychotic drug has the greatest risk for developing cardiotoxicity

A

Ziprasidone

38
Q

antipsychotic drugs causing Parkinson-like symptoms is due to __ while tardive dyskinesia symptoms is due to __

A

Parkinson- dopamine receptor blockade
tardive dyskinesia- supersensitivity of dopamine receptors

39
Q

do typical or atypical antipsychotics have a greater risk for metabolic effects and QT prolongation

A

atypical

40
Q

is Clozapine an atypical or typical antipsychotic

A

atypical

41
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Clozapine

A

blocks 5-HT2 and D4 with higher affinity than D2

42
Q

what is the most effective antipsychotic drug

A

Clozapine

43
Q

what are 4 adverse effect of Clozapine

A

agranulocytosis
sialorrhea
constipation
hyperglycemia (diabetes)

44
Q

in what cases is Clozapine used for

A

drug resistant schizophrenia

(due to its adverse effects)

45
Q

what drug is used for the prevention of the manic phase of bipolar disorder

A

Olanzapine with lithium

46
Q

what drug similar to Clozapine doesn’t induce agranulocytosis

A

Olanzapine

47
Q

what is the mechanism of action of the atypical antipsychotic Risperidone

A

blocks 5-HT2 receptors

48
Q

what is the preferred antipsychotic drug

A

Risperidone

49
Q

what are 3 adverse effects of the atypical antipsychotic Risperidone

A

hyperprolactinemia
prolonged QT interval
more extrapyramidal symptoms

50
Q

what atypical antipsychotic has the greatest risk for QT prolongation

A

Ziprasidone

51
Q

what atypical antipsychotic is preferred for schizophrenia with depression

A

Quetiapine

52
Q

what is the mechanism of action of the atypical antipsychotics Aripiprazole

A

partial agonist of D2 and 5-HT2 receptors

53
Q

what atypical antipsychotic can be used for maintenance rather than severe psychosis

A

Aripiprazole

54
Q

what atypical antipsychotic drug increases prolactin

A

Risperidone

55
Q

what atypical antipsychotic is used for Huntington’s chorea

A

Haloperidol

56
Q

what antipsychotic can be used for intractable hiccups

A

Clorpromazine

57
Q

what antipsychotic can be used for neuroleptanalgesia (semiconscious and nonreactive state)

A

Droperidol with fetanyl

58
Q

are typical or atypical drugs more effective in schizophrenia

A

atypical

59
Q

when giving antipsychotics, there is a potential for more anticholinergic effects if given with __ or __

A

TCA
antiparkinsonian drugs

60
Q

antipsychotic drugs are contradicted in what 3 patients

A

chronic alcoholics (lowers seizure threshold)
mood disorders
nursing mothers

61
Q

typical antipsychotics have a higher risk for __ side effects while atypical have a higher risk for __ side effects

A

neurological
metabolic

62
Q

what drug is used in acute mania and bipolar maintenance

A

lithium

63
Q

what is the mechanism of action of lithium

A

inhibits inositol monophosphate (decreases inositol concentration)

increased BDNF

64
Q

what are 3 adverse effects of lithium

A

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
hypothyroidism
increased leukocytes

65
Q

lithium is contradicted in what patients

A

pregnant/breastfeeding

66
Q

lithium has high drug interaction with what 3 classes of drugs

A

diuretics
NSAIDS
neuroleptics

67
Q

effect of diuretic use with lithium

A

increased plasma lithium

68
Q

effect of NSAID use with lithium

A

enhances lithium toxicity by decreasing its clearance

69
Q

lithium is the preferred drug for what 3 conditions

A

bipolar affective disorder
prevention of acute manic episodes
depression in bipolar

70
Q

what 2 drugs are alternatives for lithium in acute mania

A

Carbamazepine
Valproate

71
Q

how does Valproate stabilize mood

A

inhibits histone deacetylase which increases BDNF

Pharmacology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions