Cancer Chemo Drug Subclasses Flashcards
What is the subclass of cyclophosphamide?
Alkylating agent
What is the subclass of methotrexate?
Antimetabolite
What is the subclass of vincristine?
Vinca alkaloids
What is the subclass of etoposide?
Podophyllotoxins
What is the subclass of 6-mercaptopurine?
Antimetabolite
What is the subclass of Topotecan?
Camptothecins
What is the subclass of Doxorubicin?
Anthracyclines
What is the subclass of 5-Fluorouracil?
Antimetabolite
What is the subclass of Paclitaxel?
Taxanes
What is the subclass of imatinib?
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
What is the subclass of trastuzumab?
Growth factor receptor inhibitors
What is the subclass of Bevacizumab?
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor
What is the subclass of bortezomib?
Proteasome inhibitor
What is the MOA of cyclophosphamide?
Inhibits DNA synthesis and function by forming DNA cross-links. Alkylating agent.
What are the clinical applications of cyclophosphamide?
Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-hodgkins lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and neuroblastoma
What are the acute toxicities of cyclophosphamide?
Nausea and vomiting
What are the chronic toxicities of cyclophosphamide?
Myelosuppression, alopecia, hemorrhagic cystitis
What are some major alkylating agents?
mechlorethamine, procarbazine, carmustine, lomustine, dacarbazine, and cyclophosphamide
What are the three platinum analogs?
ciplatin
carboplatin
oxaliplatin
Which platinum analog causes gastrointestinal distress and mild hematotoxicity and is neurotoxic and nephrotoxic?
Ciplatin
Neurotoxicity is in the form of peripheral neuropathy and acoustic nerve damage.
Can reduce nephrotoxicity with mannitol and forced hydration.
Which platinum analog is less nephrotoxic and neurotoxic, but is more likely to cause myelosuppression?
Carboplatin
Which platinum analog has dose-limiting neurotoxicity?
Oxaliplatin
MOA: which drug inhibits DHFR?
Methotrexate.
inhibits DHFR, which inhibits synthesis of thymidylate, purine nucleotides, serine, and methionine
Which drug inhibits thymidylate synthase?
5-Fluorouracil
Which drug inhibits de novo purine synthesis?
6-mercaptopurine
Which drug’s metabolites are incorporated into the RNA and DNA to inhibit DNA synthesis and RNA processing?
5-Fluorouracil
What antimetabolite is used for acute myelogenous leukemia?
6-mercaptopurine
Which antimetabolite is used for Gi cancers, breast cancer, neck and head cancer, and hepatocellular cancer?
5-fluorouracil
Which antimetabolite is used for breast cancer, head and neck cancer, primary CNS lymphoma, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, bladder cancer and choriocarcinoma?
Methotrexate
What drug has acute toxicities of mucositis and diarrhea, and chronic toxicities of myelosuppression?
Methotrexate
What drug has acute toxicities of nausea and vomiting, and chronic toxicities of myelosuppression, immunosuppression, and hepatotoxicity?
6-mercaptopurine
What drug has acute toxicities of nausea, mucositis, and diarrhea and chronic toxicities of myelosuppression and neurotoxicity?
5-fluorouracil
What are some examples of antimetabolites?
cytarabine, gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, and methotrexate
What drug interferes with microtubule assembly, resulting in impaired mitosis?
Vincristine
What drug inhibits topoisomerase II, resulting in DNA damage?
Etoposide
Which drug inhibits topoisomerase I, resulting in DNA damage?
Topotecan
Which drug is used for acute lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma, Wilms’ tumor, and neuroblastoma?
Vincristine
Which drug is used for lung cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and gastric cancer?
Etoposide
What are the acute and chronic toxicities of vincristine?
No acute, but chronic include neurotoxicity with peripheral neuropathy, paralytic ileum, myelosuppression, alopecia, and inappropriate ADH secretion.
What are the acute and long-term effects of etoposide?
Acute are nausea and vomiting, while alopecia and myelosuppression are longterm effects
What are the acute and chronic toxicities of topotecan?
Acute are nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, while myelosuppression is longterm.
What drug interferes with the microtubule disassembly to impair mitosis?
Paclitaxel
What drug’s MOA includes oxygen free radicals binding to DNA to cause strand breakage, topoisomerase II inhibition, and is intercalated into DNA?
Doxorubicin
Which drug inhibits the binding of EGF to the HER-2/neu growth receptor?
Trastuzumab
Which drug inhibits the binding of VEGF to its receptor to inhibit the tumor vascularization?
Bevacizumab
Which drug reversibly inhibits chymotrypsin-like activity of the 26S proteasome?
Bortezomib
What are the clinical applications of Paclitaxel?
Breast, lung, ovarian, gastroesophageal, prostate, bladder, and head and neck cancer
What are the clinical applications of Doxorubicin?
Lymphomas, myelomas, sarcomas, and breast, lung, ovarian and thyroid cancers
What are the clinical applications of Imatinib?
Chronic myelogenous leukemia, GI stromal tumor
What are the clinical applications of Trastuzumab?
HER-2/neu receptor-positive breast cancer
What are the clinical applications of Bevacizumab?
Colorectal, breast, non-small cell lung and renal cancer
What are the clinical applications of Bortezomib?
Multiple myeloma
Which drug inhibits bar-abl tyrosine kinase and other receptor tyrosine kinases?
Imatinib
What are the acute and longterm toxicities of Paclitaxel?
Acute toxicities include nausea, vomiting, hypotension, arrhythmias, and hypersensitivity, while longterm effects are myelosuppression and peripheral sensory neuropathy.
What are the acute and longterm toxicities of Doxorubicin?
Nausea and arrhythmias are acute, while alopecia, myelosuppression, and cardiomyopathy are longterm.
What are the acute and longterm toxicities of Trastuzumab?
Nausea, vomiting, chills, fever, and headache are acute, while cardiac dysfunction is longterm.
What are the acute and longterm toxicities of Bevacizumab?
Hypertension and infusion reactions are acute, while arterial thromboembolic events, gastrointestinal perforation, wound healing complications, and proteinuria are longterm.
What are the acute and longterm toxicities of Bortezomib?
Hypotension, edema, and GI upset are acute, while peripheral neuropathy and cardiac dysfunction are longterm.
