Cancer care Flashcards
Types of radiotherapy
What acute toxicities occur with radiotherapy ?
What late toxicity occurs with radiotherapy?
What is chemotherapy? What is treatment intent and the different types?
Chemotherapy- Classes of drugs?
Explain the cell cycle and cell checkpoints ? Where do chemotherapy drugs work?
Why does chemotherapy that acts on cell cycle work better on fast growing cancer?
As they are replicating quickly so you can stop them from replicating, slow growing cancers need other agents
Name alkylating agents and MOA?
Name taxanes and MOA? ( don’t need to know the specific side effects, just general chemo toxicity )
Name vina alkaloids and MOA?
Name platinums and MOA?
Name antimetabolites and MOA?
Name topoisomerase I inhibitors and MOA?
Name topoisomerase II inhibitors and MOA?
Is polycythaemia Vera JAK2 mutation inherited ?
No it is purely a acquired mutation
Can’t pass it down
Treatment for polycythaemia Vera?
Venesection
Aspirin
Medications- Hydroxycarbamide, ruxolitinib
Polycythaemia Vera secondary causes
Hypoxia
- smoking
- COPD
-OSA
High altitude
Excess EPO
- tumour
- exogenous use
Dehydration
- alcoholics
Essential thrombocytosis: secondary causes
Malignancy
Chronic inflammation- rheumatic diseases- RA, SLE, autoimmune conditions
Poorly controlled diabetes
Infection
Bleeding
Splenectomy
What can a platelet count over 1000 cause?
Bleeding as the high platelets can start absorbing Von Willebrand factor
Why does malignancy cause VTE?
Tumour cells can release Tissue factor - pro thrombotic state
Surgeries for cancer - immobilisation and endothelial injury
Infections- neuropenic sepsis
Chemotherapy- endovascular injury if injected
Radiotherapy - increase inflammation around lesion recieving radiotherapy
Which side effects of opioids are transient and which persist?
Transient
- N+V
- sedation/drowsiness
Persist
- constipation
Which drugs to stop or carry on in end of life care (imminent death)
- statin
-aspirin - diabetic oral meds
- anti-coagulants (usually)
Carry on - AEDs- can switch to keppra( levetiracetam)
- insulin
