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C: Cancer > Cancer as disease : skin cancer part 2 > Flashcards

Cancer as disease : skin cancer part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum Stracum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale

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2
Q

What is the difference between the depth reached by UVB radiation and UVA radiation?

A

UVB – reaches sea level UVA – reaches dead sea leve

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3
Q

How does UVB cause mutations in DNA?

A

Induces the formation of photoproducts Particularly affects pyrimidines – causing cross-linking Formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 pyrimidine pyrimidone photoproducts

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4
Q

How are mutations caused by UVB usually corrected?

A

Nucleotide excision repair

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5
Q

What are the features of xeroderma pigmentosum?

A

Increased risk of BCCs, SCCs and melanoma Photosensitivity and dry skin

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6
Q

Describe the immunomodulatory effects of UV light.

A

UVA and UVB affect the expression of genes involved in skin immunity It depletes Langerhans cells in the epidermis This reduces skin immunocompetence and immunosurveillance

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7
Q

Where are melanocytes found within the epidermis?

A

In the basal layer

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8
Q

What happens to melanin once it is produced by the melanocytes?

A

It is packaged into melanosomes and it passes along the processes of the melanocytes and is taken up by the keratinocytes The keratinocytes put the melanosomes around their nuclei, which protects the nuclei from DNA damage

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9
Q

What are the two types of melanin?

A

Eumelanin – black/brown Phaeomelanin – yellowish or reddish-brown

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10
Q

What is melanin formed from?

A

Tyrosine

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11
Q

What gene regulates the relative amounts of melanin produced?

A

MC1R

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12
Q

What is Lentigo Maligna?

A

Proliferation of malignant melanocytes within the epidermis There is no risk of metastasis This is also called melanoma in situ

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13
Q

What is the ABCDE for the diagnosis of superficial spreading malignant melanoma?

A

Asymmetry Border irregularity Colour variation Diameter (>0.7 mm and increasing) Erythema

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14
Q

What is it called when a pale area appears in the middle of a melanoma?

A

Area of regression – this is associated with higher risk of metastasis

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15
Q

Describe the pattern of growth when a nodular melanoma arises from a superficial spreading malignant melanoma.

A

Downward proliferation of malignant melanocytes that is following previous horizontal growth

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16
Q

What is the type of melanoma that occurs on the palms and soles, and who does it occur in

A

Acral lentiginous melanoma, darker skin people

17
Q

What can squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and other skin cancer types be caused by?

A

UV exposure ,HPV and Immunosuppression

18
Q

Name a cutaneous T cell lymphoma.

A

Mycosis fungoides

19
Q

•Explain different hair colour and skin types

A
  • MCR1 gene
  • >20 gene polymorphisms
  • Variation in eumelanin : phaeomelanin produced
20
Q

What happens in an erythema

A

melanoma loses ability to produce melanin therefore it is pigmented in parts

21
Q

What does this image show

A

Acral lentiginous melanoma

22
Q

Whta is this imae showing

A

EIther a nodlar malignant melanoma or a superficial spreading malignant melanoma

23
Q

WHat is this image showing

A

a nodular melanoma arises from a superficial spreading malignant melanoma.

24
Q

WHat melanoma is represented

A

Nodular malignant melanoma

25
Q

What does this represent

A

NOdular malignant melanoma arising from a superficial sprerading malignant tumour

26
Q

Label

A
27
Q

What does this image show

A

Acral lentiginous melanoma

28
Q

Whta is this imae showing

A

EIther a nodlar malignant melanoma or a superficial spreading malignant melanoma

29
Q

WHat is this image showing

A

a nodular melanoma arises from a superficial spreading malignant melanoma.

30
Q

WHat melanoma is represented

A

Nodular malignant melanoma

31
Q

What does this represent

A

NOdular malignant melanoma arising from a superficial sprerading malignant tumour

32
Q

Label

A

C: Cancer (12 decks)

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