Cancer: An Overview

Question 1

describ- ing a loss of differentiation and more primitive appearance

Answer 1

undifferentiated/anaplastic

Question 2

Tumors are divided into two categories:

Answer 2

benign or malignant

Question 3

tumors that are generally well differentiated and do not metastasize or invade surrounding normal tissue

Answer 3

Benign

Question 4

are encapsulated and slow growing

Answer 4

benign tumors

Question 5

Benign tumors may be noted by the suffix -

Answer 5

oma

Question 6

often invade and destroy normal surrounding tissue and, if left untreated, can cause the death of the host.

Answer 6

Malignant tumors

Question 7

A ____ differentiated malignant tumor cell will resemble the cell from which it originated.

Answer 7

well or moderately well

Question 8

A ____ cell will have very few of the characteristics of the originating cell

Answer 8

poorly differentiated

Question 9

an _____ cell will have no
characteristics of the original cell

Answer 9

undifferentiated

Question 10

Tumors arising from mesenchymal cells are known as ____.

Answer 10

sarcomas

Question 11

These cells include connective tissue such as cartilage and bone.

Answer 11

Sarcomas

Question 12

____ are tumors that originate from the epithelium.

Answer 12

Carcinomas

Question 13

These include all the tissues that cover a surface or line a cavity.

Answer 13

Carcinomas

Question 14

Epithelial cells that are glandular are called ____.

Answer 14

adenocarcinoma

Question 15

are the result of abnormal cellular proliferation

Answer 15

Tumors

Question 16

occurs when a cell undergoes mitosis and divides into daughter cells.

Answer 16

Cellular differentiation

Question 17

are the normal genes that play a part in controlling normal growth and differentiation.

Answer 17

Proto-oncogenes

Question 18

These genes are the precursors of oncogenes (gene that regulates the development and growth of cancerous tissues.), or cancer genes.

Answer 18

Proto-oncogenes

Question 19

____ are also called tumor-sup-pressor genes. These are the genes that tell cells to stop mul-tiplying.

Answer 19

Antioncogenes

Question 20

is the study of the cause of disease.

Answer 20

Etiology

Question 21

is the study of disease incidence.

Answer 21

Epidemiology

Question 22

is a means of defining the tumor size and extension at the time of diagnosis and is important for many reasons.

Answer 22

Tumor staging

Question 23

The ____ of a tumor provides information about its aggressive-
ness and is based on the degree of differentiation.

Answer 23

grade

Question 24

were established so that cancer specialists can work together to review information about newly diagnosed tumors and devise effective treatment plans.

Answer 24

Tumor boards

Question 25

Through the use of _____, the radioactive sources can be placed next to or directly into the tumor.

Answer 25

brachytherapy

Question 26

During an interstitial implant, radioactive sources are placed
_____ into the tumor.

Answer 26

directly