Cancer Flashcards
Types of tumors.
Which is localised or confined to their original location?
Benign and malignant.
Benign.
Characters of benign tumors.
They are localised or stay at their original location.
They do not spread to other parts of the body.
They cause little damage.
Characters of malignant tumors.
Mass of actively dividing or proliferating cells.
Cells grow rapidly , invading and damaging the surrounding tissues.
They starve the normal cells from blood and nutrient supply.
Explain metastatis.
Cells slogged or shed from malignant tumours reach various sites through blood get lodged and launch a tumour in a new place.
What are carcinogens ?First type
Tumour inducing or causing agents called carcinogens.
They transform normal cells into neoplastic or tumor cells.
This transformation is called as oncogenic transformation.
Physical carcinogens example
Ionising radiations like x rays and gamma rays.
Non ionising radiations like UV rays which causes DNA damage forming a pyramidine dimer.
Chemical carcinogens
Tobacco smoke causes lung cancer
Biological carcinogens
Oncogenic viruses containing genes called viral oncogenes.
Oncogenes within cell which gets activated under certain conditions
Cellular oncogenes or Proto oncogenes.
Cancer detection methods
Biopsy , taking a portion of cell and sending to histopthological studies
Studying sections of blood and bone marrow checking increased cell count,
X rays
Computarized tomography or CT
Magnetic resonance imaging or MRI.
introducing antibodies against cancer specific antigens.
How does x ray work ?
How does CT work ?
How does MRI work?
It is a radiography technique using x rays of radiations
It uses x rays to generate a three dimensional image of the internals of an object.
MRI uses strong magnetic fields and non ionising radiations to accurately detect changes in patho physiology of tissue.
