CANCER Flashcards

Question

what makes caxechia special?

Answer 1

its metabolic changes that cause equal mobilization of fat and muscle protein even tho ur eating properly when normally it should be only fat

Answer 2

yes - bc the pt loses muscle mass but retains fat mass - losing wt but still obsese - low mucles/high fat mass = problem

Answer 3

when there is muscle wasting less muscle = less metabolically active tissue = hypometabolic

Answer 4

can cause hypo, hyper and normo metabolism

Answer 5

starvation = losing mass but low M rate cancer = losing mass but high M rate

Answer 6

increased lipolysis decreased lipgenesis = fat loss and hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 7

cancer = release cytokines = signals tissues to release fat

Answer 8

everything working to increase glucose levels bc cancer cells love it - IR, glucose intolerance - gluconeogensis - cori cycle - =pt usually hyperglycemi

Answer 9

hyperglycemic

Answer 10

over reliance on fat and protein for energy source inflamm cytokines= ir glucoeoegensns = skm breakfown for glucose formation

Answer 11

overall increased depletion of FFM

Answer 12

- AA not spared - increased proteolysis, decreased synthesis = muscle wasting - AA leftover prioritized for acute phase proteins since they respond to stress/inflammation

Answer 13

starvation - protein spared from being used as fuel = less proteloysis = less FFM depleton -preferred breakdown of fat over muscle cancer - protein AA not spared - both fat and muscle breakdown preferred

Answer 14

REE x 0.7-1.7 (stress factor)

Answer 15

0.5-2 g/kg

Answer 16

individualized

Answer 17

individualized

Answer 18

RDA levels but nooooo antioxidants

Answer 19

side effects related to GIT bc they are dividing quick cells

Answer 20

1. hypermetabolism 2. anorexia 3. malabsorption/diarrhea 4. mucositis/esophagitis 5. dysgeusia 6. xerostomia

Answer 21

high protein high energy intake

Answer 22

- psycological state - tumour in GIT =obstruction - tumour releasing cytokines - side effect of treatment

Answer 23

- max kcal in every bite - limit low e foods - limit high fiber foods - small frequent meals snacks - cold foods better tolerated - avoid meal prep/smell of food

Answer 24

tumour obstruction MN cuases villi to flatten nature of therapy

Answer 25

- meds - small frequent meals - limit bowel stimulant foods - decrease fat intake, lactose - more soluble fibre = bulking - k rich foods

Answer 26

bc of treatment

Answer 27

no hot, spicy salty sharp foods soft moist foods fluid intake rinse mouth often antacids for esophagitis

Answer 28

bc of treatment rapidly dividing cells always affected

Answer 29

- rinsing mouth before after eating - drinking w meals - experiment w food flavours - mild tasting foods - adding mixed foods with meat or acid - plastic cutlery - avoiding fav foods

Answer 30

- water intake - oral sprays - saliva subs - humidifier - chew gum, candiesm - xylotol pastilles

Answer 31

1. eutopic hormones 2. hypercalcemia 3. osteomalcia 4. hyponatremia 5. anemia

Answer 32

cancer makes toooo much release of these hromones = metabolic issues

Answer 33

breast cancer = too much insulin = hypoglycemia lung cancer = too much calcitonin = ca metabolism overall metabolic rate affected

Answer 34

glucose metabolism = meds similar to t2d treatment closely minitor needs

Answer 35

overall increased bone breakdown via hormones that promote resorptoon - bone mestastis - PTH increase - calcitriol oroduction

Answer 36

never reduce diet Ca - increase fluids = excrete Ca - calcitonin in meds = increases excretion and decreasing resorption

Answer 37

bones soft n weak due to tumours releasing less calcitriol, pth, hypocalcemia, hypophospahtemia

Answer 38

remove tumour

Answer 39

tumor or treatment

Answer 40

fluid restriction meds saline infusion

Answer 41

nutr def hemolysis via chemo bone marrow failure

Answer 42

fix underlying problem suppmelentation