Cancer

Question 1

Histological Gradimg

Answer 1

Grade I: Cells differ slightly (mild dysplasia) and are well differentiated

Grade II: Cells more abnormal (moderate dysplasia) and moderately differentiated

Grade III: Cells very abnormal (severe dysplasia) poorly differentiated

Grade IV: Cells immature and primitive (anaplasia) and undifferentiated

Mild > moderate > severe > anaplasia

Question 2

Staging

Answer 2

Stage 0: Cancer in situ

Stage 1: Tumour limited to tissue origin; localized growth

Stage 2: Limited local spread

Stage 3: Extensive local and regional spread

Stage 4: Metastasis

Question 3

7 Warning signs of cancer - CAUTION

Answer 3

C - change in bowel/bladder
A sore that does not heal
U -Unusual bleeding or discharge
T - Thickening or lump
I - Indigestion/dysphagia
O - Obvious change in wart/mole
N - Nagging cough/hoursness

Question 4

Cancer Tx

Answer 4

If goal is cure , tx with greatest likelihood is offered

Control is goal for many cancers that cannot be eradicated completely, but are responsive to therapies

Palliation is the relief or control of symptoms and optimization of quality of life

Question 5

Causes of fatigue in cancer

Answer 5

Cachexia
Anorexia
Fever (70-100% of cancer pts)
Infection