cancer Flashcards
1
Q
What are the strategies for treating cancer?
A
- destroy neoplastic cells
- surgery
- convert tumor to normal cells
- halt neoplastic cell division
- prevent metastasis
2
Q
Sites of Drug action
A
- Antimetabolites: substitute or inhibit synthesis
- Alkyating agent antibiotics, cisplatin –> cause improper coiling of DNA
- Alkaloid hormones: block protein function within cells or on cell surface
3
Q
Radiotherapy
A
- ionizing radiation: X-rays, g-rays, displace electrons
- UV radiation- excites electrons making DNA bases reactive
- breaks DNA strand
4
Q
Types of chemotherapy
A
Alkylating agents, antimetabolites, natural products
5
Q
Alkylating Agents
A
- Mechlorethamine (Mustargen) & Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
- Toxicity: tissue damage at ejection site, attacks rapidly proliferating cells; N/V, bone marrow depression, depressed immune system
6
Q
Mechlorethamine- Mustargen
A
- Nitogen Mustard; part of MOPP regimen
- toxiciity: N/V, sterility, tissue damage, hematologic
-tx: Hodgkins disease, leukemia, lymphosarcoma
7
Q
Cyclophosphamide- Cytoxan
A
- activated by cytochrome P-450
- Not a vesicant (tissue damage at injection site)
- used for many things
- adverse: immunosuppresion, alopecia, inappropriate ADH secretion, hemorrhagic cystitis
8
Q
Cisplatin (plantinol)
A
- corsslinks DNA; sensitizes cells to radiation
- effective for epithelial cancers (testicular, ovarian, head, neck, lung)
- renal toxicity, ACOUSTIC nerve damage
9
Q
Antimetabolites
A
- act in place of normal compound, block biochemical process needed by cell
- methotrexate
10
Q
Methotrexatre
A
- inhibits dihydrofolate reductase–>blocks DNA, RNA, protein
tx: leukemia choriocarcinoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkins, solid tumors (beast), immunosupressive (RA tx)
-Toxicity: heptaotoxcity, myelosuppression, alopecia, GI, pulmonary, hyperuricemia
11
Q
Natural products (Antibiotics)
A
- Intercalate and bind to DNA
- Block action of topoisomerase II–> blocks DNA replication–> causes breaks and fragmentation
12
Q
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
A
- Natural product
- intercalaters into DNA, generates free radicals: effects increased by iron
- CARDIOTOXIC
- tx: Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-hodgkins, sarcomas, breast,thyoid, lung, ovarian/testicular, leukemia
13
Q
Vincristine (Oncovin)
A
- natural product
- Bind to tubulin-M phase; axonal transport alsoe uses microtubules
- tx: leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease (MOPP), non hodgkins
- neurotoxic, low myelosuppression
14
Q
Vinblastine (Velban)
A
- natural product
- Bind to tubulin-M phase; axonal transport alsoe uses microtubules
- tx: testicular carcinoma, hodgkin’s disease, Kaposi’s sarcoma
- less neruotoxic; myleosuppresion
15
Q
Paclitaxel (Taxol)
A
- plant alkaloid, natural product
- binds tubulin/microtubulin, arrests mitosis, disrupts axonal transport
- active & toxic
- tx: advanced breast cancer, ovary, lung, head, neck cancer
-side effects: peripheral neuropathy, myalgia, arthralgia, hypersensitivity
