cancer Flashcards
What are the strategies for treating cancer?
- destroy neoplastic cells
- surgery
- convert tumor to normal cells
- halt neoplastic cell division
- prevent metastasis
Sites of Drug action
- Antimetabolites: substitute or inhibit synthesis
- Alkyating agent antibiotics, cisplatin –> cause improper coiling of DNA
- Alkaloid hormones: block protein function within cells or on cell surface
Radiotherapy
- ionizing radiation: X-rays, g-rays, displace electrons
- UV radiation- excites electrons making DNA bases reactive
- breaks DNA strand
Types of chemotherapy
Alkylating agents, antimetabolites, natural products
Alkylating Agents
- Mechlorethamine (Mustargen) & Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
- Toxicity: tissue damage at ejection site, attacks rapidly proliferating cells; N/V, bone marrow depression, depressed immune system
Mechlorethamine- Mustargen
- Nitogen Mustard; part of MOPP regimen
- toxiciity: N/V, sterility, tissue damage, hematologic
-tx: Hodgkins disease, leukemia, lymphosarcoma
Cyclophosphamide- Cytoxan
- activated by cytochrome P-450
- Not a vesicant (tissue damage at injection site)
- used for many things
- adverse: immunosuppresion, alopecia, inappropriate ADH secretion, hemorrhagic cystitis
Cisplatin (plantinol)
- corsslinks DNA; sensitizes cells to radiation
- effective for epithelial cancers (testicular, ovarian, head, neck, lung)
- renal toxicity, ACOUSTIC nerve damage
Antimetabolites
- act in place of normal compound, block biochemical process needed by cell
- methotrexate
Methotrexatre
- inhibits dihydrofolate reductase–>blocks DNA, RNA, protein
tx: leukemia choriocarcinoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkins, solid tumors (beast), immunosupressive (RA tx)
-Toxicity: heptaotoxcity, myelosuppression, alopecia, GI, pulmonary, hyperuricemia
Natural products (Antibiotics)
- Intercalate and bind to DNA
- Block action of topoisomerase II–> blocks DNA replication–> causes breaks and fragmentation
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
- Natural product
- intercalaters into DNA, generates free radicals: effects increased by iron
- CARDIOTOXIC
- tx: Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-hodgkins, sarcomas, breast,thyoid, lung, ovarian/testicular, leukemia
Vincristine (Oncovin)
- natural product
- Bind to tubulin-M phase; axonal transport alsoe uses microtubules
- tx: leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease (MOPP), non hodgkins
- neurotoxic, low myelosuppression
Vinblastine (Velban)
- natural product
- Bind to tubulin-M phase; axonal transport alsoe uses microtubules
- tx: testicular carcinoma, hodgkin’s disease, Kaposi’s sarcoma
- less neruotoxic; myleosuppresion
Paclitaxel (Taxol)
- plant alkaloid, natural product
- binds tubulin/microtubulin, arrests mitosis, disrupts axonal transport
- active & toxic
- tx: advanced breast cancer, ovary, lung, head, neck cancer
-side effects: peripheral neuropathy, myalgia, arthralgia, hypersensitivity
Topoisomerase Poisons
-Etopside (VePesid): breaks DNA strand, tx: testicular cancer; SE- myelosuppression
- Topotecan (Hycamtin) topoisomerase I
- -> cell cycle arrest, DNA damage; tx- ovarian cancer; SE- myelosupression
Which drugs causae Neuropathy??
-Vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel
Which drug causes Hyperuricemia?
-Methotrexate
Which drug affects the renal system and acoustic nerve?
-cisplatin
Which drugs cause hepatotoxicity?
-Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate
Which druge causes hemorrhagic cystitis?
-Cyclophosphamide
Name the drug that causes cardiomyopathy
-Doxrubicin
Durgs used to Tx Breast cancer
-Tamoxifen, megestrol, paclitaxel, doxorubicin
Tx of prostate cancer
DES, Flutamide, Leuprolids, ??????
Tx of Testicualr cancer
- Cisplatin, Bleomycin, Etoposide, Vinblastine
Tx of cervial, renal, ovarian, and lung
Cervical: Cisplatin
Ovarian- Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel
renal- IL-II
Lung- cisplatin, etoposide, paclitaxel
To many specific treatments at the end I have no idea if thats just FYI b/c we sure as hell wont be putting patients on all these drugs, we aint got time for that
dr buck “FHP” jones
