Cancer Flashcards by Kelsi Taylor

Rx for malignant ascites in palliative care

Furosemide
Spironolactone
Dexamethasone

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Most common type and place of pancreatic cancer

Adenocarcinoma, Head of the Pancreas (approx. 60-70%)

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RF for pancreatic cancer

Smoking
Alcohol Overuse
Diabetes
Obesity
Prior Gastrectomy/Cholecystectomy
Family History
BRCA1 Gene
Chronic Pancreatitis
Cystic Fibrosis
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Atypical Multiple Moles or Melanoma Syndrome
Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer (Lynch Syndrome)

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Cancer associated W/ celiac

Lymphoma of small bowel

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When to do next pap for pt with ASCUS

Repeat in 6mo

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Lab work up for malignancy

CBC, Cr, lytes, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, LFTs w/ albumin, INR, LDH, SPEP, tumor markers

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Tumor markers for
1) colon, hepatocellular
2) pancreatic
3) breast
4) ovarian
5) prostate
6) hepatocellular
7) germ cell

CEA = colon, hepatocellular
CA 19.9 = pancreatic
CA 15.3 = breast
CA 125 = ovarian
PSA = prostate
aFP = hepatocellular
beta-HCG = germ cell

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Ix for breast staging

not needed if asymptomatic, tumor <5cm + <3 nodes. Otherwise, CT chest/ abdo/ pelvis + bone scan

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Lung staging

CT chest/ abdo/ pelvis, bone scan, MRI brain

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Colon staging

CT chest/ abdo/ pelvis

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Prostate staging

not needed if asymptomatic, PSA <10 + Gleason <5. Otherwise, bone scan, CT abdo/ pelvis

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Lung cancer screening

low dose CT q1yr x 3, pts 55-74 y/o w/ >30 pack yr smoking hx who currently smoke or quit within last 15yrs

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Colorectal cancer screening, inc high risk, IBD, FAP and HNPCC

avg risk 50-74 FIT q2yr or sigmoid q10yr
High risk (FDR w/ colon Ca) = colonoscopy 40-50 y/o q5 yrs
IBD = q1-2 yrs colonoscopy 10 yrs after pancolitis or 15 yrs after left sided colitis
FAP = genetic counselling, flex sigmoidoscopy annually starting age 10
HNPCC = genetic counselling, colonoscopy q1-2yrs at age 20

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Most Common bladder cancer

Transitional (Urothelial) Cell Carcinoma

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Cancer associated with flushing, diarrhoea and bronchospasm

Neuroendocrine Tumor (carcinoid tumors)

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Types of thyroid cancer

Papillary
Follicular
Medullary
Anaplastic
* from most common to least common
* from least aggressive to most aggressive

Ix for bony mets

calcium, alkaline phosphatase, LDH

Multiple myeloma features

CRAB
high calcium
renal failure
anemia
bony lesions

RF for cervical cancer

Sexual activity <20 y/o
Multiple partners
Smoking
Immunocompromised
Long term OCP

Protective factors for cervical cancer

Routine pap
HPV immunizations

Screening for cervical cancer

Q3 yrs 25-69 if ever sexually active
>70 y/o = DC if 3 consecutive negative results in 10 years
Annual screening for immunocompromised, SLE
TAHBSO = no screening
Pregnancy = same screening

RF for colorectal cancer

Age >50 y/o
Family history
IBD
High fat diet
Obesity
Smoking
Excessive alcohol intake
Sedentary life

Sx for colorectal cancer

Blood in stool
Change in BMs
Persistent bloating
Weakness, fatigue, wt loss
Rectal mass on DRE
Anemia

Rx + associated complications for colorectal cancer

Surgery (infection, anastomosis breakdown, bleeding, adhesions)
Chemo (premature ovarian failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, secondary cancers, cognitive decline)
Radiation (weakness, paresthesia, CAD, valvular disease)
Immunotherapy (bone pain, fatigue, fever, rash, bleeding)

Mets of colorectal cancer

Liver > lung > peritoneum

RF for leukemia

Down syndrome Neurofibromatosis Ionizing radiation Exposure to benzene Household pesticides Obesity

Sx of leukemia

Acute: fever, fatigue, wt loss, anemia, bleeding, hepatosplenomegaly, MSK sx in kids Chronic: usually asymptomatic, hepatosplenomegaly

Ix + results for leukemia

Anemia Thrombocytopenia Peripheral smear = increased hematopoietic precursor cells or increased lymphocytes LFTs, Cr, lytes, coag Bone marrow aspirate + biopsy Flow cytometry

Rx for leukemia

Chemo RT Monoclonal antibodies Stem cell transplant

RF for lung cancer

Smoking Asbestos Occupational exposure to dust Occupations (miners, painters) Personal or family hx of cancer Hx of COPD TB HIV

Sx of lung cancer

Clubbing Hemoptysis Wt loss Anorexia Dyspnea Chest pain Fatigue

Ix for lung cancer

CBC, ALP, AST, ALT, Calcium, albumin, lytes, urea, Cr Staging = CT chest abdo pelvis, bone scan, CT/ MRI brain

Mets of lung cancer

Liver Bone Lymph Brain

Rx of lung cancer

NSCLC: stage 1 + 2 = surgery, 3 = chemo + RT, 4 = palliative SCLC: chemo + RT

Prevention of upper GI cancer

Stop smoking Reduce alcohol Maintain healthy weight Increase fruit and veg consumption

When to screen for pancreatic cancer

screen if high risk: family history, high risk syndromes like Peutz-Jeghers or BRCA1 w/ affected relative

Breast cancer treatment SE

cardiomyopathy, valvular dz, ovarian failure, lymphadenopathy, fatigue, secondary malignancy

Management of radiation dermatitis

loose fitting clothing, avoidance of fragrances, weak topical steroids, emollients