Cancer 11: epidemiology of cancer Flashcards

1
Q

How has have the leading causes of death developped since 2000?

A

cancer 2nd to CVD
lung cancer is5th alone tho
death from cancers-mortality-have stayed quite stable
CVD death since 1975 have gone down a lot tho

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2
Q

How does cancer incidence varies amongst countries?

A

nearly 3x more in developped countries
much lower in NW africa
Higher in europe and USA

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3
Q

How do specific cancers types incidence vary amongst countries?

A

Different countries have different incidence-varies enormonally

australia has 100x more melanoma than china-due to sun exposure
America has higher breast cancer

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4
Q

How has migrant studies indentified if cancer risk if from genetic or location?

A

If purely genetic-migrants wouldnt chance after moving
for childrens cancer-mostly genetic-but rare-migration doesnt change anything

for most other cancers-not true-diet, pollutants, environements chance cancer incidence
eg: Stomach cancer is much higher in migrants coming to USA-especially Japanese-hawaii BUT lower than in just japanese

also cancer not being genetic-rapid changes with time-like with smoking going up

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5
Q

OVERALL has cancer indicence increased? why is due to? How has death rate changes

A

YES-the incidence is going up
but plateau around the last few years

possibly data is being collected better-but not only
Increase sensitivity of screening pool-identified earlier
people are dying less of other things

death rate-going down-mortality is increasing and survival is increasing-earlier detection abd better therapy

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6
Q

What do we know about the etiology of cancer? What are the main risk factors?

A

thanks to genetic study, most cancer arent hereditary-95%
Can have genetic pre-dispositions-often in children with cancer

risks: Smoking, diet, alcohol, infection, occupation, reproductive hormine
40-50% of cancer should be avoidable with ideal all of these
but has been harder to see if environement pollutants and their effect because cant compare affected vs not-as everyone is
i
most of this is western influence-low physical activity, high calory food

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7
Q

How much does diet contribute with cancer?

A

hard to be precise
but fiber intake from vegetable decrease colorectal cancer riks
red meat also-less is better

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8
Q

How much does alcohol contribute with cancer?

A

all type-increase of oral, larynx, pharynx etc

synergistic with tabacoo

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9
Q

How much does weight contribute with cancer?

A

Obesity-associated with lots of cancer=breast cancer, colon, pancreatic, endomitrial
because obesity is inflammatory disease-high cytokine + chronic-hallmark of cancer

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10
Q

What are the reccomendations to limit cancer?

A

Be as lean as possible, 30min of exercise
limit sugary drinks, eat varied vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans
limit red meats
limit alcohol
limit consumtion of sodium
dont use supplements-either dont work or even worse-diverse diet still better

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