Cancer

Question 1

What is benign tumor

Answer 1

Benign 
Localized growth of tissue 
Normal characteristics 
Amenable to surgery 
Minor symptoms 

Fetal

• compression
• difficult area of surgery
• production of hormones

Question 2

What is malignant tumor

Answer 2

Abnormal cell growth
Structural and functional
Invasion of nearby tissues
Migrate and colonize other organs via blood and lymph
Success of therapy and survival depend on extent and control of metastasis

Question 3

What is carcinogenesis

Answer 3

Molecular level
-phenotype
Genetic alteration
Cells require six characteristics to become fully malignant

Production of growth signals
Lack of sensitivity to anti growth signals 
Resistance towards apoptosis 
Immortalization 
Stimulate blood vessel production 
Ability to invade and metastasize 

Inability to maintain genomic integrity

Question 4

How is cancer epidemiologically approached

Answer 4

Study design
Exposure vs outcome
Distribution