Canadian healthcare system Flashcards
What is the leading cause of mortality in Canada?
Cancer. 18.6% of men and 19.8% of women are diagnosed with cancer
What is the obesity rate?
30%, diabetes has been steadily rising among Canadians
What are the 1984 Canadian Health Act Principles?
- Universality - all people
- Accessibility - no money at point of service
- Public funded - tax funded, no payment by people
- Comprehensiveness - all healthcare services, hospitalization
- Portability - no matter where you move nor pre-existing
conditions
How would you describe the Canadian healthcare system?
A National Health Insurance model with a single gov’t payer and private providers. Considered a cross between Bismarck (totally private) and Beveridge (care provided and financed by gov’t through taxes). Run at the provincial level and covers 88% of all healthcare services nationally.
What is covered and what is not covered?
Covered: hospital care, mental health, primary care, specialty care
Not covered: ambulatory care, pharmaceuticals, long-term care, non-MD care
Are there payments at the point of service?
No co-pays. Yes co-insurance
Can you purchase private insurance?
Yes, private employer-based insurance exists to cover drugs, dental, and other services. 2/3 of the population has some type of private coverage and they pay 12% of health expenditures.
How is the Canadian system financed?
78% comes from general taxes and province-based taxes
24% is federal contributions
The provincial and territorial health insurance plan then funds pharmaceuticals, physicians, and hospitals
Are healthcare workers and hospitals public or private?
95% of hospitals are private, not-for-profit.
Physicians and nurses are employed privately.
Who makes public health investments (SDOH)?
The Canadian provinces.
What is the cost per capita and %GDP?
$4800 USD per capita, 11.3% of GDP
How are hospital costs managed?
There are mostly global budgets, so there is less incentive to see high volumes of patients, but most hospitals now are paid by means of DRGs.
What is the general payment system?
70% is FFS, 30% is population based payments
What are the MMR, IMR, and NCD rates?
MMR: 8.6 per 100,000 births
IMR: 4.6 per 1,000 births
NCD rate: 318 per 100,000 people
How many Canadians had to wait more than 2 months to recieve care?
18%
