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CanadaGeography Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 6 largest provinces from west to east and their capitals.

A

BASMOQ

British Columbia (Victoria)

Alberta (Edmonton)

Saskatchewan (Regina)

Manitoba (Winnipeg)

Ontario (Toronto)

Quebec (Quebec City)

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2
Q

What are the 4 Maritime Provinces of Canada?

A

New Brunswick (Fredericktown),

Nova Scotia (Halifax),

Prince Edward Island (Charlottetown),

Newfoundland (New-fund-LAND)& Labrador (St. John’s)

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3
Q

What are the 3 Territories of Canada from west to east?

A

Yukon (Whitehorse)

NW Territories (Yellowknife)

Nunavut (Iqaluit)

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4
Q

What is the capital of Canada and where is it?

A

Ottawa

in SE Ontario near the Quebec border

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5
Q

What is the distance between Sarnia and London?

What is the speed limit?

A

About 108 kms or 67 miles.

The speed limit is 110 km/hour. It was raised to this in April 2022.

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6
Q

What is the major road from Sarnia to London?

A

Highway 402

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7
Q

How many of the top 10 world cities for living are in Canada?

A

3

Toronto, Vancouver, Calgary

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8
Q

(1) What is the capital of Newfoundland and Labrador?

A

St. John’s

It is also the largest city.

It is on the eastern edge of Avalon Peninsula.

It is the easternmost city in North America.

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9
Q

Which part of N & L is Labrador?

A

Labrador is the mainland part. It is larger than Newfoundland but has fewer people. It has 71% of the land and 6% of the people.

L and N are separated by the Strait of Belle Isle.

It is the home of the Innu Indians.

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10
Q

What is St. Pierre and Miquelon?

A

It is a self-governing territory of France. Its residents are French citizens.

It is near Newfoundland and Labrador.

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11
Q

What set of immigrants had the most influence on N & L?

A

The Irish.

N & L is closer to Ireland than much of Canada.

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12
Q

When did Newfoundland and Labrador join Canada?

A

1949

They were the last province to join and the vote was close (52% - 48%)

Some today still resent it.

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13
Q

What happened in Gander Newfoundland?

A

On 9/11 38 commercial planes landed there.

Book: The Day the World Came to Town

B’way: Come From Away

(Apple TV Plus 9/10/22)

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14
Q

(2) What is the capital of Prince Edward Island?

A

Charlottetown

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15
Q

How big is PEI?

A

About the size of Delaware.

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16
Q

What foods is PEI known for?

A

potatoes (the Irish) and oysters

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17
Q

What happened in Charlottetown?

A

In 1864, national leaders met there to start the formation of Canada.

(Newfoundland was notified too late to join)

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18
Q

What famous book is set here?

A

Anne of Green Gables by

Lucy Maude Montgomery

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19
Q

How is PEI connected to New Brunswick?

A

The Confederation Bridge (8 miles long)

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20
Q

(3) What is the capital of Nova Scotia?

A

Halifax

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21
Q

What other 3 provinces formed with Nova Scotia as the 4 founding provinces?

A

New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario

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22
Q

What are the 2 famous islands of Nova Scotia?

A

Cape Breton (where AG Bell and Marconi performed their expreiments)

Sable Island (tiny with wild ponies and the world’s largest breeding ground of grey seals))

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23
Q

What is the furthest you can be from the ocean in Nova Scotia?

A

42 miles

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24
Q

What manmade disaster happened at Halifax?

A

Dec. 1917 munitions ship explosion.

2,000 killed.

The largest man-made explosion until Hiroshima.

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25
(4) What is the capital of New Brunswick?
Frederickton
26
What are New Brunswick's official languages?
It is the **only official bi-lingual province** (English and French)
27
Why was it created out of Nova Scotia in 1784?
The British had taken it from France at the end of the Seven Years' War. At the end of the American Revolution, 10,000 British loyalists came here. They wanted to be a separate colony.
28
What was Acadia?
Acadia was settled by the French and included modern-day Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, PEI, part of Quebec and part of Maine.
29
What happened to the Acadians?
After Britain took Acadia, they expelled the Acadians because they suspected their loyalty to the French. Their land was given to British Loyalists from the United States.
30
What is unique about the Bay of Fundy?
(1) The world's largest tides. (2) Puffins
31
Map of longest rivers in Canada:
32
(5) What is the capital of Quebec province?
Quebec City.
33
What is unique about Quebec City?
It was 400 years old in 2008. It is the only remaining walled city in North American north of Mexico. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
34
Who called Quebec City, “the Gibraltar of North America” after visiting?
Charles Dickens
35
Where is Quebec City?
150 miles NE of Montreal At the confluence of the St. Lawrence (where it narrows) and Saint-Charles rivers
36
What does Quebec City have to do with James Wlkinson?
He led 2 unsuccessful campaigns there during the War of 1812.
37
What is Quebec's population? Quebec City's?
8.5 million 540,000
38
What is the relative size of Quebec?
It is Canada's **largest province**.
39
How does language work in Quebec province?
French is its only official language. All road signs in French only (some with pictograms).
40
What was Quebec province originally called?
New France
41
How did the French lose New France to Britain?
When they lost the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759, during the Seven Years' War.
42
(6) What is the capital of Ontario?
Toronto
43
What is the population of Toronto? Ontario province?
3 million 14.6 million
44
What percentage of Canada's population lives in Ontario?
38%
45
What other capital is in Ontario?
Ottawa, the nation's capital.
46
How many fresh water lakes does Ontario province have?
250,000 includes parts of Lake Huron, Erie, Ontario and Superior (the world's largest lake)
47
What are First Nations?
Indigenous Canadians who are neither Inuit or Métis
48
What is the Six Nations Reserve (of the Grand River)?
It is the largest First Nations Reserve (by population) in Canada → 13,000. It has members of all 6 Iroquois nations. It is SW of Hamilton Ontario.
49
What percentage of citizens of Toronto were born outside Canada?
50%
50
(7) What is the capital of Manitoba?
Winnipeg
51
Manitoba is 1 of the 3 Prairie Provinces. What are the other 2?
Saskatchewan and Alberta
52
What was this area originally?
Prince Rupert's Land, controlled by the Hudson's Bay Company.
53
Who was **Prince Rupert**?
He was the nephew of Britain's **King Charles I** and helped him in the English Civil War. Charles I was executed in 1649.
54
What happened in 1869?
Rupert's Land was given by the Hudson's Bay Company to Canada.
55
What did this lead to?
The **Métis Rebellion** (Red Lion Rebellion) led by **Louis Riel** and First Nations Cree because they did not feel Canada was protecting their rights. They lost and Riel fled to the US.
56
What was the **1919 Winnipeg Strike** about?
A general strike to protest low wages, poor working conditions and inflation.
57
What is Churchill Manitoba noted for?
Polar bears.
58
What author from Manitoba is famous?
Marguerite Laurence “The Stone Angel”
59
(8) What is the capital of Saskatchewan?
Regina (population 215,000)
60
What is Saskatchewan's most notable geographic feature?
10% of its area is fresh water.
61
What are its primary industries?
Potash and uranium mining, oil and natural gas and lentils. It is the world's largest exporter of mustard seed. Bombardier.
62
Who was Tommy Dounglas?
The Saskatchewan premier who brought in free health care. All of Canada had it by 1966.
63
(9) What is the capital of Alberta?
Edmonton - population 1 million
64
What do some people call Alberta?
The Texas of Canada. Oil and cattle It is an economic powerhouse.
65
What are 2 of Alberts's tourist towns?
Banff and Calgary
66
How big is Alberta?
400 miles wide 750 miles tall
67
What was Alberta originally?
It was a district of the NW Territories.
68
(10) What is the capital of British Columbia?
Victoria It is very British
69
Where is Victoria?
On Vancouver Island
70
When did British Columbia become a province?
1871 - with the promise of a railroad.
71
What would British Columbia not be so proud about?
WWII Japanese internment camps
72
How many islands does British Columbia have and how much coastline?
6,000 islands 17,000 miles of coastline
73
(1) What is the capital of Yukon Territory?
Whitehorse
74
Canada's highest peak is in Yukon Territory. What is its name?
Mt. Logan It is also the second highest peak in North America (behind Denali i Alaska)
75
What is Yukon's primary language and why?
English. All of the Americans coming to the Klondike Gold Rush.
76
When was the Klondike Gold Rush?
1896-1899
77
How cold can it get in Yukon Territory?
-40°C = -40°F
78
(2) What is the capital of NW Territories?
Yellow Knife
79
When did it become a territory and when did it get its current borders?
1870 1999 when Nunavut was carved out
80
Who lives in NW Territories?
Mostly indigenous people
81
What is unique about the Great Slave lake?
It is the deepest in North America. It is 2000 ft. deep! Slavey is a First Nations family. Yellow Knife is on the north shore
82
What is unique about politics in NW Territories?
There are no political parties. Every candidate is an independent.
83
(3) What is the capital of Nunavut?
Iqaluit (formerly Forbisher Bay)
84
How big is Nunavut? What is its population? What is unique about its representation?
about the size of Mexico 35,000 They have 1 representative in the Parliament making it the geographically-largest district in the world.
85
Who lives there?
Inuits
86
What is the world's most northern permanent settlement?
Alert, Nunavut It has no permanent residents but is peopled in 6-month rotations. Used as a weather station and for military intelligence.
87
Nunavut contains Canada's largest Island. What is its name?
Baffin Island.
88
How did it play into the Cold War?
It was forcibly populated from Quebec.
89
What else does Nunavut contain?
The Arctic

Canada (4 decks)

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