Canada's History Flashcards
Discover Canada
When Europeans explored Canada they found all regions occupied by native peoples, and they called them Indians - why?
Because the first explorers thought they had reached the East Indies.
The ____ of the Great Lakes region, like the Iroquois, were ____ and ____.
The Huron-Wendat of the Great Lakes region, like the Iroquois, were farmers and hunters.
The ____ and ____ of the Northwest were ____.
The Cree and Dene of the Northwest were hunter-gatherers.
The ____ were ____, following the bison (buffalo) herd.
The Sioux were nomadic, following the bison (buffalo) herd.
The ____ lived off ____ wildlife.
The Inuit lived off Arctic wildlife.
____ preserved fish by drying and smoking.
West Coast natives preserved fish by drying and smoking.
Large numbers of Aboriginals died of ____ to which they lacked immunity.
Large numbers of Aboriginals died of European diseases to which they lacked immunity.
Who colonized Greenland 1,000 years ago and then reached Labrador and the island of Newfoundland?
The Vikings from Iceland.
The remains of their settlement, l’Anse aux Meadows, are a World Heritage site.
When did the European exploration begin in earnest?
Who was the expedition of?
In 1497 with the expedition of John Cabot (an Italian immigrant to England), who was the first to draw a map of Canada’s East Coast.
Who made 3 voyages across the Atlantic claiming land for King Francis l of France?
When did this happen?
Jacques Cartier made three voyages across the Atlantic, claiming the land for King Francis I of France.
Between 1534 and 1542.
____ heard two captured guides speak the ____ word ____, meaning ____. By the 1550s, the name of Canada began appearing on maps.
Cartier heard two captured guides speak the Iroquoian word kanata, meaning “village.” By the 1550s, the name of Canada began appearing on maps.
The ____ and ____ people collaborated in the vast ____ economy, driven by the demand for ____ in ____.
The French and Aboriginal people collaborated in the vast fur-trade economy, driven by the demand for beaver pelts in Europe.
When did King Charles II of England grant the Hudson’s Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay?
In 1670
Around 1670, skilled and courageous men who travelled by canoe were called ____ and ____, and formed strong alliances with First Nations.
Around 1670, skilled and courageous men who travelled by canoe were called voyageurs and coureurs des bois, and formed strong alliances with First Nations.
In the 1700s ____ and ____ battled for control of North America.
In the 1700s France and Great Britain battled for control of North America.
In 1759, the British defeated the French in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Québec City — marking the end of France’s empire in America.
What happened to Quebec following the war?
Following the war, Great Britain renamed the colony the “Province of Quebec.”
The Frenchspeaking Catholic people, known as habitants or Canadiens, strove to preserve their way of life in the English-speaking, Protestant-ruled British Empire.
What did the Quebec Act of 1774 accommodate?
The Quebec Act accommodated the principles of British institutions to the reality of the province.
It allowed religious freedom for Catholics and permitted them to hold public office, a practice not then allowed in Britain.
The Quebec Act restored French civil law while maintaining British criminal law.
United Empire Loyalists
In 1776, the 13 British colonies to the south of Quebec declared independence and formed ____.
The United States
More than 40,000 people loyal to the Crown, called “Loyalists,” fled the oppression of the American Revolution to settle in Nova Scotia and Quebec.
Joseph Brant led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk Indians into Canada.
What groups were they made up of?
The Loyalists came from Dutch, German, British, Scandinavian, Aboriginal and other origins and from Presbyterian, Anglican, Baptist, Methodist, Jewish, Quaker, and Catholic religious backgrounds.
About 3,000 black Loyalists, freedmen and slaves, came north seeking a better life. In turn, in 1792, some black Nova Scotians, who were given poor land, moved on to establish Freetown, Sierra Leone (West Africa), a new British colony for freed slaves.
When and where was the first representative assembly elected?
The first representative assembly was elected in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1758.
The Constitutional Act of ____ divided the Province of Quebec into ____ (later ____), which was mainly Loyalist, Protestant and English-speaking, and ____ (later ____), heavily Catholic and French-speaking.
The Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada (later Ontario), which was mainly Loyalist, Protestant and English-speaking, and Lower Canada (later Quebec), heavily Catholic and French-speaking.
Around 1791, the Atlantic colonies and the two Canadas (Upper and Lower) were known collectively as ____.
British North America
Abolition of Slavery:
In 1793, Upper Canada, led by ____, a Loyalist military officer, became the first province in the Empire to move toward abolition.
In 1793, Upper Canada, led by Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe, a Loyalist military officer, became the first province in the Empire to move toward abolition.
Abolition of Slavery:
In 1807, the British Parliament prohibited ____, and in 1833 abolished slavery throughout the Empire.
Thousands of slaves escaped from the United States, followed ____ and settled in Canada via the ____, a Christian anti-slavery network.
In 1807, the British Parliament prohibited the buying and selling of slaves, and in 1833 abolished slavery throughout the Empire.
Thousands of slaves escaped from the United States, followed “the North Star” and settled in Canada via the Underground Railroad, a Christian anti-slavery network.
