Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Lawsonia Flashcards
What type of environment do Campylobacter survive in?
Microaerophilic - requires 6% oxygen to grow and air kills them, so they do not survive well in the environment
Where do Campylobacter inhabit?
Gastrointestinal tract or lower genital tract
The 3 common Campylobacter pathogens
C. fetus subsp. venerealis
C. fetus subsp. fetus
C. jejuni
Clinical signs associated with C. fetus subsp. venerealis
Bovine venereal campylobacteriosis
Early embryonic death
Repeat breeding
Clinical signs associated with C. fetus subsp. fetus
Bacteraemia
Abortions
Pathognomonic lesion = donut shape lesion (on placenta)
Clinical signs associated with C. jejuni
Gastroenteritis
Diarrhea
Bacteraemia
Which Campylobacter is a major food safety pathogen of broilers, pigs, and cattle?
Campylobacter jejuni
Motility of Campylobacter jejuni
Motility through a single bipolar flagellum
Important in intestinal colonization
Pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni
Colonizes mucus, invades epithelial cells, (plasmid mediated), and lead to bacteremia
Tendency to become bacteremic leads to abortion in pregnant animals
Virulence of Campylobacter jejuni
Heat labile enterotoxin (adenylate cyclase-activating enterotoxin) homologous to cholera or E. coli LT toxin that attributes to diarrhea
Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) causes cell cycle arrest
Diagnosis of Campylobacter jejuni
Culture feces
Need selective media and microaerophilic conditions
Treatment for Campylobacter jejuni
Self-limiting diarrheal illness
Treatment with macrolides, fluoroquinolones in severe cases
What is a major cause of bacterial diarrhea in humans?
Campylobacter jejuni
Greater than Salmonellosis
Zoonotic aspect of Campylobacter jejuni
Self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans animals
Asympotomatic infection of chicken
Contaminated meat, unpasteurized milk, surface water and mountain streams contaminated from infected feces
Fluoroquinolone resistance
What bacteria is known as Bovine vibriosis and what time of infection does it cause?
Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis
Subclinical infection in preputial crypts of bulls
Transmission of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis
Transmission at breeding and organisms migrate to the uterus and fallopian tubes following esterus
Pathogenesis of Bovine vibriosis
Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis
Breeding or AI with infected bull or semen -> Colonization of female genital tract -> Infertility/repeat breeding
Clinical signs of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis
Bovine vibiriosis
Endometritis and salpingitis of varying severity may cause transient infertility and embryonic deaths
No disease in bulls
Diagnosis of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis
Bulls - detect organisms in smegma, preputial washes, or semen
Cows - detection of antibodies (IgA) in cervial/vaginal mucus
Culture may not be as sensitive in cows as in bulls because microbial numbers are generally low
Control of Bovine vibriosis
Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis
Breeding - only use bulls and heifers that test negative
Effective local immunity restores reproductive soundness and eventually clears the organism
Campylobacter commensals in the intestinal tract of cattle and sheep
Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus
Disease caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus
Causes ovine genital campylobacteriosis
Pathogenesis of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus
Sheep -> ingestion through contaminated food and water -> bacteremia -> inflammation of placenta and aborion
What type of environment does Helicobacter spp. require?
Microaerophilic and some require hydrogen
