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3a Child Health > CAMHS > Flashcards

CAMHS Flashcards

1
Q

What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

a neurodevelopmental condition incorporating features relating to inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity that are persistent

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2
Q

Give 3 RFs for ADHD

A
  • FHx
  • Male
  • low birth weight
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3
Q

Give inattentive features of ADHD in children

A
  • Difficulty organising tasks and activities
  • Easily distracted
  • Forgetful
  • Loses important things
  • Doesn’t complete instructions
  • Doesn’t want to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort
  • Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
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4
Q

Give hyperactive/ impulsive features of ADHD in children

A
  • Can’t play quietly
  • Continuously on the go
  • Talks excessively and interrupts others
  • Answers questions prematurely
  • Difficulty waiting their turn
  • Will spontaneously leave their seat when expected to sit
  • Will run and climb in situations where it is not appropriate
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5
Q

Give 3 associated symptoms of ADHD in children

A
  • Anxiety
  • Difficulty with peer interactions
  • Irritability and boredom
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6
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for ADHD in children

A
  • < 16 years old = child must have at least 6 criteria from either category
  • > = 17 years old = child must have at least 5 criteria from either category
  • Symptoms must have been present before 12 years old >6 months
  • Present in more than one setting (such as home and school).
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7
Q

Give 3 scales that are used in the diagnosis of ADHD in children

A
  • Conners scale
  • ADHD rating scale
  • DuPaul ADHD scale
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8
Q

How is ADHD initially managed

A
  • Following presentation, a ten-week ‘watch and wait’ period should follow to observe whether symptoms change or resolve
  • If they persist then referral to secondary care is required (paeds/ CAMHS)
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9
Q

Give 3 non-medical managements of ADHD in children

A
  • Psychoeducation
  • Parent training in behaviour management
  • Behavioural classroom intervention
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10
Q

Give 3 medical treatment for ADHD in children

A
  • 1st line: Methylphenidate - 6w trial
  • Lisdexamfetamine
  • Dexamfetamine
  • all potentially Cardiotoxic so need baseline ECG before starting
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11
Q

Side effects of methylphenidate

A
  • stunted growth
  • weight loss
  • insomnia
  • anxiety
  • nausea
  • dyspepsia
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12
Q

What should be monitored in children taking methylphenidate

A

weight and height should be monitored every 6 months

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13
Q

What is autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A

a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by qualitative impairment in social interaction and communication as well as repetitive stereotyped behaviour, interests, and activities

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14
Q

When are the clinical features of autism typically evident?

A

typically evident during early childhood, often before 2-3 years of age, but may be manifested late

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15
Q

What are some signs of impaired social interaction in children with autism?

A
  • Poor eye contact
  • Plays alone
  • Uninterested in social interaction
  • Difficulty forming close relationships
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16
Q

What are some signs of impaired social communication in children with autism?

A
  • Failure to develop spoken language
  • Failure to initiate conversation
  • Abnormal rhythm, pitch and tone of speech
17
Q

What are some examples of repetitive behaviours, interests, and activities seen in children with autism?

A
  • Stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand-flapping).
  • Inflexible adherence to non-functional routines or rituals.
  • Children may have particular ways of doing everyday activities
18
Q

How is ASD diagnosed in children

A

Features from all 3 categories plus one of the following before aged 3:
* Lack of social attachments
* Abnormal/delayed expression
* Abnormal symbolic play

19
Q

How is the goal of ASD management

A
  • Although there is no cure for ASD, early diagnosis and early intensive treatment have the potential to affect outcomes
  • The goal is to increase functional independence and quality of life
20
Q

How is ASD managed

A
  • Education and behavioural management
  • family support and counselling: parental education
  • SSRIs: reduce symptoms like repetitive stereotyped behaviour, anxiety, and aggression
  • Methylphenidate: if there’s associated ADHD

3a Child Health (19 decks)

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